Tanti Arnaud, Belzung Catherine
UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université François Rabelais & INSERM 930, Parc Grandmont, 37200, Tours, France,
Cell Tissue Res. 2013 Oct;354(1):203-19. doi: 10.1007/s00441-013-1612-z. Epub 2013 Apr 18.
Whereas animal models of depression are associated with decreased adult hippocampal neurogenesis, antidepressant treatments, including pharmacotherapy but also electroconvulsive therapy, have the opposite action, as they stimulate cell proliferation and the survival and maturation of newborn dentate gyrus neurons. Although the lack of these new cells is not causally involved in depression, as their absence does not trigger a depressive-episode per se, their loss has been shown to be causally involved in the ability of chronic monoaminergic antidepressants to achieve remission. However, the process by which the stimulation of hippocampal neurogenesis can elicit recovery after a depressive-like episode is poorly understood. The accepted view is that hippocampal newborn neurons integrate into the hippocampal network and thus participate in hippocampal cognitive functions crucial for remission. The hippocampus is associated with a wide range of such functions, including spatial navigation, pattern separation, encoding of new contextual information, emotional behavior and control over the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The present review aims at discussing each of these functions and tries to identify the process by which newborn cells participate in remission after successful therapy. Finally, future directions are proposed for a better understanding of these mechanisms.
抑郁症的动物模型与成年海马体神经发生减少有关，而抗抑郁治疗，包括药物治疗以及电休克治疗，则具有相反的作用，因为它们能刺激细胞增殖以及新生齿状回神经元的存活和成熟。尽管缺乏这些新细胞并非抑郁症的病因，因为其缺失本身并不会引发抑郁发作，但研究表明，它们的丧失与慢性单胺能抗抑郁药实现缓解的能力存在因果关系。然而，海马体神经发生的刺激在类抑郁发作后引发恢复的过程却鲜为人知。目前公认的观点是，海马体新生神经元整合到海马体网络中，从而参与对缓解至关重要的海马体认知功能。海马体与多种此类功能相关，包括空间导航、模式分离、新情境信息编码、情绪行为以及对下丘脑 - 垂体 - 肾上腺轴的控制。本综述旨在讨论这些功能中的每一项，并试图确定成功治疗后新生细胞参与缓解的过程。最后，为更好地理解这些机制提出了未来的研究方向。
