National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
J Nutr. 2013 Jun;143(6):977S-85S. doi: 10.3945/jn.112.173039. Epub 2013 Apr 17.
The NHANES 2003-2006 has assessed iron and iodine status, 2 trace element nutrients of continued public health interest, in the U.S. population. We investigated associations of sociodemographic (age, sex, race-ethnicity, education, income) and lifestyle (smoking, alcohol consumption, BMI, physical activity, dietary supplement use) variables with the iron status indicators serum ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), and body iron in women aged 20-49 y (n = 2539, 2513, and 2509, respectively) and with urine iodine, a biomarker of iodine intake, in adults aged ≥ 20 y (n = 3066). Significant correlations between the study variables and biomarkers were weak (|r| ≤ 0.24). Urine creatinine (uCr) was moderately significantly correlated with urine iodine (r = 0.52). The individual variables explained ≤ 5% of the variability in biomarker concentrations in bivariate analysis. In multiple regression models, sociodemographic and lifestyle variables together explained 4-13% of the variability in iron indicators and 41% of the variability in urine iodine (uCr in the model). The adjusted estimated body iron was ≈ 1 unit (mg/kg) lower in non-Hispanic black vs. non-Hispanic white women and ≈ 1 unit higher in women who smoked vs. those who did not and in women consuming 1 vs. 0 alcoholic drinks/d. The adjusted estimated urine iodine concentration (uCr in the model) was 34% lower in non-Hispanic blacks vs. non-Hispanic whites, 22% higher in supplement users vs. nonusers, and 11% higher with every 10-y increase in age. In summary, after adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle variables (and uCr in the iodine model), race-ethnicity retained a strong association with sTfR, body iron, and urine iodine; smoking and alcohol consumption with iron biomarkers; and supplement use and age with urine iodine.
NHANES 2003-2006 评估了美国人口中两种持续受到公众健康关注的微量元素营养素的铁和碘状况。我们研究了社会人口统计学（年龄、性别、种族-民族、教育、收入）和生活方式（吸烟、饮酒、BMI、身体活动、使用膳食补充剂）变量与铁状态指标血清铁蛋白、可溶性转铁蛋白受体（sTfR）和 20-49 岁女性体铁之间的关系（分别为 2539、2513 和 2509 人）以及与成人尿液碘（碘摄入量的生物标志物）之间的关系≥20 岁（n = 3066）。研究变量与生物标志物之间的相关性较弱（|r| ≤ 0.24）。尿肌酐（uCr）与尿碘中度显著相关（r = 0.52）。在单变量分析中，个体变量仅解释生物标志物浓度变异性的≤5%。在多元回归模型中，社会人口统计学和生活方式变量共同解释了铁指标变异性的 4-13%和尿碘变异性的 41%（模型中的 uCr）。与非西班牙裔白人女性相比，非西班牙裔黑人女性的估计体铁约低 1 个单位（mg/kg），与不吸烟的女性相比，吸烟的女性的估计体铁约高 1 个单位，与每天饮酒 1 份的女性相比，每天饮酒 0 份的女性的估计体铁约高 1 个单位。调整后的估计尿碘浓度（模型中的 uCr）在非西班牙裔黑人和非西班牙裔白人中分别低 34%，在补充剂使用者和非使用者中分别高 22%，在年龄每增加 10 岁时分别高 11%。总之，在调整了社会人口统计学和生活方式变量（以及碘模型中的 uCr）后，种族-民族与 sTfR、体铁和尿碘之间仍保持强烈关联；吸烟和饮酒与铁生物标志物相关；补充剂使用和年龄与尿碘相关。
