Department of Psychology, University of Bonn Bonn, Germany ; Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London London, UK.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2013 Apr 15;7:130. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00130. eCollection 2013.
Previous evidence shows a reliable association between psychosis-prone (especially schizotypal) personality traits and performance on dopamine (DA)-sensitive tasks (e.g., prepulse inhibition and antisaccade). Here, we used blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI and an established procedural learning (PL) task to examine the dopaminergic basis of two aspects of psychosis-proneness (specific schizotypy and general psychoticism). Thirty healthy participants (final N = 26) underwent fMRI during a blocked, periodic sequence-learning task which, in previous studies, has been shown to reveal impaired performance in schizophrenia patients given drugs blocking the DA D2 receptor subtype (DRD2), and to correspond with manipulation of DA activity and elicit fronto-striatal-cerebellar activity in healthy people. Psychosis-proneness was indexed by the Psychoticism (P) scale of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised (EPQ-R; 1991) and the Schizotypal Personality Scale (STA; 1984). EPQ-R Extraversion and Neuroticism scores were also examined to establish discriminant validity. We found a positive correlation between the two psychosis-proneness measures (r = 0.43), and a robust and unique positive association between EPQ-R P and BOLD signal in the putamen, caudate, thalamus, insula, and frontal regions. STA schizotypy score correlated positively with activity in the right middle temporal gyrus. As DA is a key transmitter in the basal ganglia, and the thalamus contains the highest levels of DRD2 receptors of all extrastriatal regions, our results support a dopaminergic basis of psychosis-proneness as measured by the EPQ-R Psychoticism.
先前的证据表明，精神病倾向（特别是精神分裂型）的人格特质与多巴胺（DA）敏感任务（如前脉冲抑制和反扫视）的表现之间存在可靠的关联。在这里，我们使用血氧水平依赖（BOLD）fMRI 和一个已建立的程序性学习（PL）任务来研究精神病倾向的两个方面（特定的精神分裂型和一般的精神病性）的多巴胺基础。30 名健康参与者（最终 N=26）在一个被阻断的周期性序列学习任务中接受 fMRI 检查，在之前的研究中，该任务显示出在给予阻断多巴胺 D2 受体亚型（DRD2）的药物的精神分裂症患者中表现受损，并且与 DA 活性的操纵和在健康人中引起额-纹状体-小脑活动相对应。精神病倾向由艾森克人格问卷修订版（EPQ-R；1991 年）的精神病（P）量表和精神分裂型人格量表（STA；1984 年）来索引。还检查了 EPQ-R 外向性和神经质分数以建立判别有效性。我们发现这两个精神病倾向测量值之间存在正相关（r=0.43），并且 EPQ-R P 与纹状体、尾状核、丘脑、脑岛和额叶区域的 BOLD 信号之间存在稳健且独特的正相关。STA 精神分裂型评分与右侧颞中回的活动呈正相关。由于 DA 是基底节中的关键递质，并且丘脑包含所有皮质下区域中最高水平的 DRD2 受体，因此我们的结果支持由 EPQ-R 精神病性测量的精神病倾向的多巴胺基础。
