Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2013 May;23(2):279-91. doi: 10.1016/j.nic.2012.12.007. Epub 2013 Jan 21.
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a severe inflammatory demyelinating disorder typically characterized by attacks of recurrent optic neuritis and transverse myelitis. Advances in magnetic resonance imaging techniques and the discovery of the relatively specific NMO IgG biomarker have led to improved diagnostic accuracy and greater recognition of the broad clinical spectrum of aquaporin 4-related autoimmunity. Brain lesions in NMO typically follow the distribution of aquaporin 4 expression and may be symptomatic. Prompt diagnosis of NMO and NMO spectrum disorders has important therapeutic implications given the high risk of recurrent attacks and consequent severe disability, especially in childhood-onset disease.
视神经脊髓炎（NMO）是一种严重的炎症性脱髓鞘疾病，通常以复发性视神经炎和横贯性脊髓炎发作为特征。磁共振成像技术的进步和相对特异性的 NMO IgG 生物标志物的发现，提高了诊断的准确性，并使人们对水通道蛋白 4 相关自身免疫的广泛临床谱有了更多的认识。NMO 的脑病变通常遵循水通道蛋白 4 表达的分布，并可能出现症状。鉴于复发攻击的高风险和由此导致的严重残疾，尤其是在儿童发病的情况下，及早诊断 NMO 和 NMO 谱系障碍具有重要的治疗意义。
