Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2013 Jun;153(1-3):279-90. doi: 10.1007/s12011-013-9669-9. Epub 2013 Apr 24.
Lead is a heavy metal widely distributed in the environment. Lead is a ubiquitous environmental toxin that is capable of causing numerous acute and chronic illnesses. Human and animal exposure demonstrates that lead is nephrotoxic. However, attempts to reduce lead-induced nephrotoxicity were not found suitable for clinical use. Recently, flaxseed oil (FXO), a rich source of ω-3 fatty acids and lignans, has been shown to prevent/reduce the progression of certain types of cardiovascular and renal disorders. In view of this, the present study investigates the protective effect of FXO on lead acetate (PbAc)-induced renal damage. Rats were pre-fed normal diet and the diet rich in FXO for 14 days, and then, four doses of lead acetate (25 mg/kg body weight) were administered intraperitoneally while still on diet. Various serum parameters, enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism, brush border membrane (BBM), and oxidative stress were analyzed in rat kidney. PbAc nephrotoxicity was characterized by increased serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. PbAc increased the activities of lactate dehydrogenase and NADP-malic enzyme, whereas it decreased malate and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase, and BBM enzyme activities. PbAc caused oxidant/antioxidant imbalances as reflected by increased lipid peroxidation and decreased activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase. In contrast, FXO alone enhanced the enzyme activities of carbohydrate metabolism, BBM, and antioxidant defense system. FXO feeding to PbAc-treated rats markedly enhanced resistance to PbAc-elicited deleterious effects. In conclusion, dietary FXO supplementation ameliorated PbAc-induced specific metabolic alterations and oxidative damage by empowering antioxidant defense mechanism and improving BBM integrity and energy metabolism.
铅是一种广泛分布于环境中的重金属。铅是一种无处不在的环境毒素，能够导致许多急性和慢性疾病。人类和动物的暴露表明，铅具有肾毒性。然而，减少铅诱导的肾毒性的尝试并不适合临床应用。最近，亚麻籽油（FXO），一种富含ω-3 脂肪酸和木脂素的物质，已被证明可以预防/减少某些类型的心血管和肾脏疾病的进展。有鉴于此，本研究调查了 FXO 对醋酸铅（PbAc）诱导的肾损伤的保护作用。大鼠先喂食正常饮食和富含 FXO 的饮食 14 天，然后腹腔内给予四剂醋酸铅（25mg/kg 体重），同时仍喂食上述饮食。分析大鼠肾脏中的各种血清参数、糖代谢酶、刷状缘膜（BBM）和氧化应激。PbAc 肾毒性表现为血清肌酐和血尿素氮升高。PbAc 增加了乳酸脱氢酶和 NADP-苹果酸酶的活性，而降低了苹果酸和葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶、葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶、果糖-1,6-二磷酸酶和 BBM 酶的活性。PbAc 引起氧化/抗氧化失衡，表现为脂质过氧化增加，超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性降低。相比之下，FXO 单独使用可增强糖代谢、BBM 和抗氧化防御系统的酶活性。FXO 喂养 PbAc 处理的大鼠显著增强了对 PbAc 引起的有害影响的抵抗力。总之，饮食中添加 FXO 可通过增强抗氧化防御机制、改善 BBM 完整性和能量代谢来改善 PbAc 诱导的特定代谢改变和氧化损伤。
