Ependymoma in children: molecular considerations and therapeutic insights.

A multi-modality approach that encompasses maximal surgical resection in combination with adjuvant therapy is critical for achieving optimal disease control in children with ependymoma. In view of its complex biology and variable response to therapy, ependymoma remains a challenge for clinicians involved in the care of these patients. Meanwhile, translation of molecular findings can characterize unique features of childhood ependymoma and their natural history. Furthermore, understanding the biology of pediatric ependymoma serves as a platform for development of future targeted therapies. In line with these goals, we review the molecular basis of pediatric ependymoma and its prognostic implications, as well as novel therapeutic advances in the management of ependymoma in children.