Pavier Julien, Langlet André, Eches Nicolas, Jacquet Jean-François
a Laboratoire P.R.I.S.M.E., Equipe Dynamique des Matériaux et des Structures, Université d'Orléans , 18 Boulevard Lahitolle, 18020 Bourges , France.
Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin. 2015;18(2):192-200. doi: 10.1080/10255842.2013.789101. Epub 2013 Apr 29.
The development and safety certification of less lethal projectiles require an understanding of the influence of projectile parameters on projectile-chest interaction and on the resulting terminal effect. Several energy-based criteria have been developed for chest injury assessment. Many studies consider kinetic energy (KE) or energy density as the only projectile parameter influencing terminal effect. In a common KE range (100-160 J), analysis of the firing tests of two 40 mm projectiles of different masses on animal surrogates has been made in order to investigate the severity of the injuries in the thoracic region. Experimental results have shown that KE and calibre are not sufficient to discriminate between the two projectiles as regards their injury potential. Parameters, such as momentum, shape and impedance, influence the projectile-chest interaction and terminal effect. A simplified finite element model of projectile-structure interaction confirms the experimental tendencies. Within the range of ballistic parameters used, it has been demonstrated that maximum thoracic deflection is a useful parameter to predict the skeletal level of injury, and it largely depends on the projectile pre-impact momentum. However, numerical simulations show that these results are merely valid for the experimental conditions used and cannot be generalised. Nevertheless, the transmitted impulse seems to be a more general factor governing the thorax deflection.
非致命性射弹的研发与安全认证需要了解射弹参数对射弹与胸部相互作用以及最终终端效应的影响。已制定了若干基于能量的标准用于胸部损伤评估。许多研究将动能（KE）或能量密度视为影响终端效应的唯一射弹参数。在常见的动能范围（100 - 160焦耳）内，对两种不同质量的40毫米射弹在动物替代物上进行射击试验分析，以研究胸部区域损伤的严重程度。实验结果表明，就其致伤潜力而言，动能和口径不足以区分这两种射弹。诸如动量、形状和阻抗等参数会影响射弹与胸部的相互作用以及终端效应。射弹 - 结构相互作用的简化有限元模型证实了实验趋势。在所使用的弹道参数范围内，已证明最大胸部挠度是预测骨骼损伤程度的有用参数，并且它在很大程度上取决于射弹撞击前的动量。然而，数值模拟表明这些结果仅适用于所使用的实验条件，不能一概而论。尽管如此，传递的冲量似乎是控制胸部挠度的更普遍因素。
