Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2013 Aug;23(4):559-63. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2013.03.011. Epub 2013 Apr 27.
Drug seeking is associated with the activation of reward neural circuitry, but I argue that drug addiction also involves another major source of reinforcement, specifically negative reinforcement driven by the 'dark side' (i.e., a decrease in the function of normal reward-related neurocircuitry and persistent recruitment of the brain stress systems). This combination forms the antireward system or 'darkness within.' Understanding the neuroplasticity of the neurocircuitry that comprises the negative reinforcement associated with addiction is the key to understanding the vulnerability to the transition to addiction, misery of addiction, and persistence of addiction.
药物觅求是与奖励神经回路的激活相关的，但我认为药物成瘾还涉及另一个主要的强化来源，特别是由“黑暗面”驱动的负强化（即正常奖励相关神经回路功能的下降和大脑应激系统的持续招募）。这种组合形成了抗奖励系统或“内在黑暗”。理解构成与成瘾相关的负强化的神经回路的神经可塑性是理解易感性向成瘾转变、成瘾的痛苦和成瘾的持续的关键。
