Israel Morton
Reik Archives, NPAP, New York, NY, USA.
Psychoanal Rev. 2013 Jun;100(3):453-72. doi: 10.1521/prev.2013.100.3.453.
An overview of the life and work of Theodor Reik is presented. Because of the confluence of various personal qualities and circumstantial factors, Reik's contributions to twentieth-century psychoanalysis were significant, varied, and controversial. His major contributions include the following: (1) He demonstrated the critical importance of unconscious guilt and masochism in human affairs, on an individual basis as well as man's social institutions. In effect, all neuroses have underlying unconscious guilt and punishment issues. (2) He emphasized that the mission of the analyst is to create an intimate clinical relationship with the patient by utilizing his or her (the analyst's) unconscious in concert with the unconscious of the patient. (3) In establishing the National Psychological Association for Psychoanalysis in 1948, Reik became the father of nonmedical psychoanalytic training in America. (4) Over a thirty-year period after his arrival in New York City in 1938, Reik published over twenty books on psychoanalysis, Reikian style. The most read and influential was Listening With the Third Ear (1948). As a result, Reik became America's primary educator of psychoanalysis.
本文介绍了西奥多·赖克的生平与著作。由于多种个人特质与环境因素的共同作用，赖克对20世纪精神分析学的贡献意义重大、涉猎广泛且颇具争议。他的主要贡献如下：（1）他证明了无意识内疚和受虐狂在人类事务中的至关重要性，无论是在个体层面还是人类社会制度层面。实际上，所有神经症都存在潜在的无意识内疚和惩罚问题。（2）他强调分析师的使命是通过将自身（分析师的）无意识与患者的无意识协同运用，与患者建立亲密的临床关系。（3）1948年，赖克创立了美国国家精神分析心理协会，成为美国非医学精神分析培训之父。（4）1938年抵达纽约市后的三十年间，赖克以赖克式风格出版了二十多本关于精神分析的书籍。其中最具可读性和影响力的是《用第三只耳朵倾听》（1948年）。因此，赖克成为美国精神分析学的主要教育家。
