Kodiak Seafood and Marine Science Center, School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, USA.
J Food Prot. 2013 May;76(5):812-9. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-12-368.
Cold-smoked salmon (CSS) is a potentially hazardous ready-to-eat food product due to the high risk of contamination with Listeria monocytogenes and lack of a listericidal step. We investigated the antilisterial property of liquid smokes (LS) against Listeria innocua ATCC 33090 (surrogate to L. monocytogenes) as a potential supplement to vacuum-packaged CSS. A full-strength LS (Code 10-Poly), and three commercially refined fractions (AM-3, AM-10, and 1291) having less color and flavor (lower content of phenols and carbonyl-containing compounds) were tested. In vitro assays showed strong inhibition for all LS except for 1291. The CSS strips were surface coated with AM-3 and AM-10 at 1% LS (vol/wt) with an L-shaped glass rod and then inoculated with L. innocua at 3.5 log CFU/g, vacuum packaged, and stored at 4°C. The LS did not completely eliminate L. innocua but provided a 2-log reduction by day 14, with no growth up to 35 days of refrigerated storage. A simple difference sensory test by 180 untrained panelists showed the application of AM-3 did not significantly influence the overall sensorial quality of CSS. In essence, the application of the refined LS as an antilisterial additive to CSS is recommended.
冷熏三文鱼（CSS）是一种潜在的危险即食食品，因为它极易受到李斯特菌污染，而且没有杀菌步骤。我们研究了液态烟熏液（LS）对无害李斯特菌 ATCC 33090（李斯特菌的替代品）的抗李斯特菌特性，作为真空包装 CSS 的潜在补充物。全强度 LS（代码 10-Poly）和三种商业精制馏分（AM-3、AM-10 和 1291）具有较低的颜色和风味（酚类和含羰基化合物的含量较低）。体外试验表明，除了 1291 之外，所有 LS 都有很强的抑制作用。用 L 形玻璃棒将 AM-3 和 AM-10 以 1% LS（体积/重量）涂覆在 CSS 条上，然后用 3.5 log CFU/g 的无害李斯特菌接种，真空包装，在 4°C 下储存。LS 并没有完全消灭无害李斯特菌，但在第 14 天提供了 2 个对数的减少，在冷藏储存 35 天内没有生长。180 名未经训练的品尝员进行的简单差异感官测试表明，应用 AM-3 并没有显著影响 CSS 的整体感官质量。从本质上讲，推荐将精制 LS 作为 CSS 的抗李斯特菌添加剂应用。
