Nitsch-Osuch Aneta, Woźniak Kosek Agnieszka, Brydak Lidia Bemadeta
Katedra i Zakład Medycyny Rodzinnej z Oddziałem Klinicznym Chorób WewnEtrznych i Metabolicznych, Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny.
Przegl Lek. 2012;69(11):1209-14.
Influenza in children is an important clinical, epidemiological and economic problem - but underestimated problem. The aim of the paper was to describe a current knowledge concerning epidemiology of influenza in children, including situation in Poland, its impact on ambulatory visits and hospitalizations. The beneficial effect of vaccination against influenza on economic and clinical issues was also underlined. It is estimated that annually 10-40% cases of febrile respiratory infections have influenza aetiology. In Poland, similar to other countries, the incidence of the diseases among children younger than 14 years is higher compared to the general population. However, the influenza vaccine coverage among children younger than 5 years in Poland is extremely low (<2%). Vaccinations against influenza in children are effective and safe and protect against the disease and its complications not only vaccinated children but also persons from close contacts. The most important method of prevention of influenza among children and adolescents aged 6 months-18 years is vaccination. Vaccination against influenza has been recommended in Poland since 1994. More educational activities addressed for patients and medical professionals are required to increase the influenza vaccine coverage among children and adolescents in Poland.
儿童流感是一个重要的临床、流行病学和经济问题——但却是一个被低估的问题。本文的目的是描述当前有关儿童流感流行病学的知识，包括波兰的情况、其对门诊就诊和住院治疗的影响。还强调了流感疫苗接种在经济和临床问题上的有益效果。据估计，每年10%至40%的发热性呼吸道感染病例由流感引起。在波兰，与其他国家一样，14岁以下儿童的发病率高于普通人群。然而，波兰5岁以下儿童的流感疫苗接种率极低（<2%）。儿童流感疫苗接种有效且安全，不仅能保护接种疫苗的儿童，还能保护密切接触者免受疾病及其并发症的侵害。6个月至18岁儿童和青少年预防流感的最重要方法是接种疫苗。自1994年以来，波兰就推荐接种流感疫苗。需要针对患者和医疗专业人员开展更多教育活动，以提高波兰儿童和青少年的流感疫苗接种率。
