Rivers J K, Frederiksen P C, Dibdin C
Department of Surgery, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
J Am Acad Dermatol. 1990 Jul;23(1):77-81. doi: 10.1016/0190-9622(90)70190-s.
A group of 420 neonates underwent total cutaneous and oral mucosal examinations during the first week of life. Skin lesions were seen in almost every baby (99.3%). The eight most common dermatoses were desquamation (65.0%), Epstein's pearls (56.0%), sebaceous hyperplasia (48.0%), milia (36%), toxic erythema (34.8%), salmon patch (33.8%), hypertrichosis (29.0%), and Mongolian spot (25.5%). Congenital melanocytic nevi were clinically diagnosed in 9 of 420 babies (2.1%); the majority of the lesions were small, that is, less than 1.5 cm in diameter. These neonates had a dark complexion (all had brown or black hair, and most had an olive skin color) and came from families with no previous history of cutaneous melanoma. In contrast, all 19 babies with a previous family history of melanoma had a fair complexion (blond or light brown hair and alabaster skin color) but no congenital melanocytic nevi. These findings may suggest that small congenital melanocytic nevi are markers for persons with a decreased risk of melanoma, because dark-skinned persons are at a lower risk. On the other hand, small congenital melanocytic nevi may be precursors of melanoma. Only prospective studies will determine the magnitude of this risk and thereby optimize management.
一组420名新生儿在出生后第一周接受了全面的皮肤和口腔黏膜检查。几乎每个婴儿（99.3%）都有皮肤病变。最常见的八种皮肤病为脱皮（65.0%）、 Epstein珍珠疹（56.0%）、皮脂腺增生（48.0%）、粟丘疹（36%）、毒性红斑（34.8%）、鲑鱼斑（33.8%）、多毛症（29.0%）和蒙古斑（25.5%）。420名婴儿中有9名（2.1%）临床诊断为先天性黑素细胞痣；大多数病变较小，即直径小于1.5厘米。这些新生儿肤色较深（均为棕色或黑色头发，大多数为橄榄色皮肤），且家族中无皮肤黑色素瘤病史。相比之下，所有19名有家族黑色素瘤病史的婴儿肤色较浅（金色或浅棕色头发，皮肤呈乳白色），但无先天性黑素细胞痣。这些发现可能表明，小的先天性黑素细胞痣是黑色素瘤风险降低人群的标志，因为深色皮肤的人风险较低。另一方面，小的先天性黑素细胞痣可能是黑色素瘤的前驱病变。只有前瞻性研究才能确定这种风险的程度，从而优化管理。
