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Environ Sci Technol. 2013 Jun 4;47(11):5896-903. doi: 10.1021/es400821x. Epub 2013 May 21.
A hybrid life cycle assessment (LCA) is used to evaluate four sustainability metrics over the life cycle of a power tower concentrating solar power (CSP) facility: greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, water consumption, cumulative energy demand (CED), and energy payback time (EPBT). The reference design is for a dry-cooled, 106 MW(net) power tower facility located near Tucson, AZ that uses a mixture of mined nitrate salts as the heat transfer fluid and storage medium, a two-tank thermal energy storage system designed for six hours of full load-equivalent storage, and receives auxiliary power from the local electric grid. A thermocline-based storage system, synthetically derived salts, and natural gas auxiliary power are evaluated as design alternatives. Over its life cycle, the reference plant is estimated to have GHG emissions of 37 g CO2eq/kWh, consume 1.4 L/kWh of water and 0.49 MJ/kWh of energy, and have an EPBT of 15 months. Using synthetic salts is estimated to increase GHG emissions by 12%, CED by 7%, and water consumption by 4% compared to mined salts. Natural gas auxiliary power results in greater than 10% decreases in GHG emissions, water consumption, and CED. The thermocline design is most advantageous when coupled with the use of synthetic salts.
采用混合生命周期评估 (LCA) 方法，对塔式集中太阳能 (CSP) 电厂的生命周期内的四个可持续性指标进行评估：温室气体 (GHG) 排放、水耗、累计能源需求 (CED) 和能源回报时间 (EPBT)。参考设计是位于亚利桑那州图森附近的一座干式冷却、106MW(净)的塔式电厂，使用混合矿硝酸盐盐作为传热流体和储存介质，设计了一个两罐式热能储存系统，可实现六小时的全负荷等效储存，并从当地电网获得辅助电力。评估了基于温层的储存系统、合成衍生盐和天然气辅助电力作为设计方案。在其生命周期内，参考工厂预计将产生 37g CO2eq/kWh 的 GHG 排放，消耗 1.4L/kWh 的水和 0.49MJ/kWh 的能源，EPBT 为 15 个月。与矿盐相比，使用合成盐会使 GHG 排放增加 12%，CED 增加 7%，水耗增加 4%。天然气辅助电力会使 GHG 排放、水耗和 CED 减少 10%以上。当与合成盐的使用结合时，温层设计最具优势。
