Liu Chuan-he, Shao Ming-jun, Wang Qiang, Sha Li, Li Shuo, Luo Yan-qing, Li Zhi-ying, Xu Chun-yu, Xu Dong-qun, Chen Yu-zhi
Center for Asthma Prevention & Education, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China.
Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2013 Feb 26;93(8):574-8.
To explore the prevalence, diagnosis and management of childhood asthma in Beijing urban area.
Multi-stage, stratified and random cluster sampling was used to recruit children born during November 1, 1995 to October 31, 2010 from Beijing or other provinces but residing in Beijing for over half a year. The same screening questionnaires for the third national epidemiological survey of children's asthma were distributed to parents of children at schools, kindergartens and communities during October 2010 to March 2011. Asthmatic children were picked among the screening-positive children based on on-the-spot inquiries, physical examinations, medical records and supporting test results. Further survey of asthmatics was carried out to investigate the diagnosis and treatment status of childhood asthma and other associated allergic diseases. All data required double entry by Epi-Info 3.5.3 software and were processed by SPSS 19.0.
Among a total of 14 085 questionnaires, 13 513 were completed with a response rate of 95.94%. And 497 (3.68%) children were diagnosed with typical (n = 451, 3.34%) and cough variant (n = 46, 0.34%) asthma. Among them, 40.64% (202/497) were newly diagnosed and 59.36% (295/497) had been previously diagnosed with asthma. The prevalence of asthma was higher in boys than in girls (4.80% (345/1790) vs 2.40% (152/6323), χ(2) = 54.446, P < 0.01). The asthma prevalence of preschoolers (3 - < 7 years old) was the highest (5.05% (180/3563)). In the past two years, the symptoms of 69.42% (345/497) children persisted and the current two-year prevalence of asthma was 2.55% (345/13513). Among the 295 children with previous asthma, only 46.44% (137/295) received inhaled corticosteroids according to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) and 82.37% (243/295) of them used antibiotics.
The prevalence of asthma is 3.68% in children under 14 years old in Beijing urban area and it varies in children with different genders and ages. A considerable number of children are not diagnosed or treated properly. And the management of asthma requires further improvement.
探讨北京市城区儿童哮喘的患病率、诊断及管理情况。
采用多阶段、分层、随机整群抽样方法，选取1995年11月1日至2010年10月31日在北京出生或外省市出生但在北京居住半年以上的儿童。于2010年10月至2011年3月，在学校、幼儿园及社区向儿童家长发放与第三次全国儿童哮喘流行病学调查相同的筛查问卷。根据现场询问、体格检查、病历及辅助检查结果，从筛查阳性儿童中筛选出哮喘患儿。对哮喘患儿进行进一步调查，了解儿童哮喘及其他相关过敏性疾病的诊断和治疗情况。所有数据采用Epi-Info 3.5.3软件进行双人录入，并使用SPSS 19.0软件进行处理。
共发放问卷14 085份，回收有效问卷13 513份，有效回收率为95.94%。497名（3.68%）儿童被诊断为典型哮喘（n = 451，3.34%）和咳嗽变异性哮喘（n = 46，0.34%）。其中，40.64%（202/497）为新诊断患儿，59.36%（295/497）为既往诊断患儿。哮喘患病率男孩高于女孩（4.80%（345/1790）对2.40%（152/6323），χ(2)=54.446，P < 0.01）。学龄前儿童（3～<7岁）哮喘患病率最高（5.05%（180/3563））。过去两年中，69.42%（345/497）患儿症状持续存在，当前两年期哮喘患病率为2.55%（345/13513）。在295名既往有哮喘的患儿中，仅46.44%（137/295）按照全球哮喘防治创议（GINA）使用吸入性糖皮质激素，82.37%（243/295）使用过抗生素。
北京市城区14岁以下儿童哮喘患病率为3.68%，不同性别和年龄儿童患病率存在差异。相当数量的儿童未得到正确诊断和治疗，哮喘管理有待进一步改善。
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