Kolins J, Kolins M D
Community Blood Bank of North County, Escondido, Calif. 92025.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1990 Jul;100(1):88-91.
Informed consent for blood transfusion has become a necessity in light of the known risks associated with this service. All transfusion services should institute written informed consent that clearly defines the patient's options, including the use of homologous blood, autologous blood, and directed donations. The risk of transfusion with an infectious blood product is dependent on the number of donors per recipient and the prevalence of undetected, contaminated blood in the tested blood supply. The chance that an adverse transfusion will occur can be calculated by use of these variables. Comparative risks can be explained to patients, thereby providing an understanding of the transfusion risk of human immunodeficiency virus, the human T-cell leukemia virus, and the agent of non-A, non-B hepatitis (hepatitis C).
鉴于输血存在已知风险，输血知情同意已成为必要。所有输血服务机构都应制定书面知情同意书，明确界定患者的选择，包括使用同源血、自体血和定向捐赠血。使用感染性血液制品输血的风险取决于每个受血者的供血者数量以及检测供血中未被发现的污染血液的流行率。可利用这些变量计算发生不良输血反应的几率。可以向患者解释比较风险，从而使他们了解人类免疫缺陷病毒、人类T细胞白血病病毒和非甲非乙型肝炎病原体（丙型肝炎）的输血风险。
