Dept. of Food and Nutrition and Research Institute of Obesity Sciences, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Exercise Nutrition & Biochem Lab, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea.
Cytokine. 2013 Jul;63(1):27-35. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.03.018. Epub 2013 May 10.
Vitamin D is an important factor for calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. A negative relationship has been observed between vitamin D status and diseases such as cancer, arthritis, diabetes, and muscle fiber atrophy. However, the relationship between vitamin D and prevention of skeletal muscle damage has not been clearly elucidated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin D on exercise-induced muscle changes. Rats were divided into 3 groups: (1) sedentary control (C: n=10), (2) high-intensity exercise (HE: n=10), and (3) high-intensity exercise with vitamin D supplementation (HED: n=10; i.p. 1000 IU/kg body weight). Rats were trained for 30 min/day on treadmills (5 days/week for 8 weeks) with the running speed gradually increased up to 30 m/min at a 3° incline. At the end of the training period, the running speed was 38 m/min at a 5° incline. The high-intensity exercise significantly increased plasma creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. In addition, IL-6 and TNF-α levels as well as phosphorylation of AMPK, p38, ERK1/2, IKK, and IκB were significantly increased. Vitamin D-treated rats showed a significant decrease in plasma CK level, phosphorylation of AMPK, p38, ERK1/2, IKK, and IκB, and gene expression of IL-6 and TNF-α. Furthermore, the protein expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR) was highly increased in the muscles of HED-treated rats, respectively. Therefore, we concluded that vitamin D may play a pivotal role in exercise-induced muscle damage and inflammation through the modulation of MAPK and NF-κB involved with VDR.
维生素 D 是钙和磷体内平衡的重要因素。维生素 D 状态与癌症、关节炎、糖尿病和肌肉纤维萎缩等疾病之间存在负相关关系。然而，维生素 D 与预防骨骼肌损伤之间的关系尚未阐明。本研究旨在探讨维生素 D 对运动引起的肌肉变化的影响。将大鼠分为 3 组：（1）安静对照组（C：n=10），（2）高强度运动组（HE：n=10）和（3）高强度运动加维生素 D 补充组（HED：n=10；腹腔注射 1000 IU/kg 体重）。大鼠在跑步机上每天训练 30 分钟（每周 5 天，持续 8 周），跑步速度逐渐增加至 30 m/min，坡度为 3°。在训练期末，跑步速度为 38 m/min，坡度为 5°。高强度运动显著增加了血浆肌酸激酶（CK）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性。此外，IL-6 和 TNF-α 水平以及 AMPK、p38、ERK1/2、IKK 和 IκB 的磷酸化水平也显著增加。维生素 D 处理的大鼠血浆 CK 水平、AMPK、p38、ERK1/2、IKK 和 IκB 的磷酸化以及 IL-6 和 TNF-α 的基因表达均显著降低。此外，HED 处理大鼠的肌肉中维生素 D 受体（VDR）的蛋白表达也显著增加。因此，我们得出结论，维生素 D 通过调节 MAPK 和 NF-κB 及其相关的 VDR，可能在运动引起的肌肉损伤和炎症中发挥关键作用。
