Miller Sonya R
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan Medical School, 325 E. Eisenhower Parkway, 2nd Floor, Ann Arbor, MI, 48108, USA.
Medical Education, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Perspect Med Educ. 2013 Jun;2(3):114-125. doi: 10.1007/s40037-013-0046-3.
Empathy is an important component of the provider-patient relationship. In the United States one in five persons has a disability. Persons with disabilities perceive gaps in health care providers' understanding of their health care preferences and needs. The purpose of this study was to use valid and reliable assessment methods to investigate the association between empathy and attitudes toward persons with disabilities and advocacy. An educational module was developed to enhance health care students' capacity for informed empathy. Pre- and post-assessment measures included the Attitude toward Disabled Persons scale (ATDP), the Attitudes toward Patient Advocacy Microsocial scale (AMIA) and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). ATDP (t(94) = -5.95, p = .000) and AMIA (t(92) = -5.99, p = .000) scores increased significantly after the education module. Correlations between the pre- or post-module ATDP or AMIA scores and the IRI scores were not significant. Empathy in general may not be sufficient to ensure optimal attitudes toward persons with disabilities or advocacy in pre-health care professionals. However, a curriculum based on informed empathy and focused on the experiences of persons with disabilities can result in more positive attitudes toward and advocacy for people with disabilities.
同理心是医患关系的一个重要组成部分。在美国，五分之一的人有残疾。残疾人察觉到医疗服务提供者对他们的医疗偏好和需求的理解存在差距。本研究的目的是使用有效且可靠的评估方法来调查同理心与对残疾人的态度及维权之间的关联。开发了一个教育模块以增强医学生产生知情同理心的能力。评估前和评估后的测量指标包括残疾人态度量表（ATDP）、患者维权微观社会态度量表（AMIA）和人际反应指数（IRI）。教育模块实施后，ATDP（t(94) = -5.95，p = .000）和AMIA（t(92) = -5.99，p = .000）得分显著提高。模块实施前或实施后的ATDP或AMIA得分与IRI得分之间的相关性不显著。一般来说，同理心可能不足以确保对残疾人或对医疗保健专业预科生的维权有最佳态度。然而，基于知情同理心并关注残疾人经历的课程可以使对残疾人的态度更加积极并促进对他们的维权。
