Starr R I, Cunningham D J
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1975;3(1):72-83. doi: 10.1007/BF02221132.
Leaching and degradation of 4-aminopyridine (a frightening agent for protecting grain crops from blackbirds) was studied in seven soils. Carbon 14-labeled 4-aminopyridine was strongly adsorbed onto soil colloids, with the degree of adsorption related to pH. Application of seven in. of simulated rainfall over 20 days to surface-treated alkaline soils leached to 0.02 percent to 0.18 percent of the -14C; radioactivity was detected in the runoff from only one of the four acidic soils. Degradation of 4-aminopyridine-14C to -14CO(2) was negligible in soils incubated up to two months under anaerobic conditions. Under aerobic incubation, there was a one-week lag before extensive breakdown began. Degradation rates increased with increasing temperature and soil moisture during incubation, but soil composition had a greater influence. After three months at 30 degrees C and 50 percent moisture, evolution of -14CO(2) ranged from 0.4 percent for a highly acidic loam (pH 4.1) to more than 50 percent for a lighter-textured, alkaline, loamy sand (pH 7.8); the half-life of 4-aminopyridine in soils under these test conditions ranged from 3 to more than 22 months. A theoretical scheme is presented for the degradation of 4-aminopyridine in soils.
在七种土壤中研究了4-氨基吡啶（一种用于保护谷物作物免受黑鹂侵害的驱鸟剂）的淋溶和降解情况。碳-14标记的4-氨基吡啶被强烈吸附到土壤胶体上，吸附程度与pH值有关。在20天内对表面处理过的碱性土壤施加7英寸模拟降雨，淋溶出的碳-14为0.02%至0.18%；在四种酸性土壤中，只有一种土壤的径流中检测到放射性。在厌氧条件下培养长达两个月的土壤中，4-氨基吡啶-14C降解为-14CO₂的量可忽略不计。在有氧培养条件下，在广泛分解开始前有一周的滞后期。培养期间，降解速率随温度和土壤湿度的增加而增加，但土壤组成的影响更大。在30℃和50%湿度条件下培养三个月后，-14CO₂的释放量从高酸性壤土（pH 4.1）的0.4%到质地较轻的碱性壤质砂土（pH 7.8）的超过50%不等；在这些测试条件下，4-氨基吡啶在土壤中的半衰期为3至超过22个月。本文提出了一个4-氨基吡啶在土壤中降解的理论方案。
