Karadag-Oncel Eda, Ceyhan Mehmet
Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Hacettepe University Ihsan Dogramacı Child Hospital, 06100, Sıhhıye/Ankara, Turkey.
Infect Disord Drug Targets. 2013 Feb;13(1):15-24. doi: 10.2174/18715265112129990004.
Influenza is a cause of significant morbidity and mortality in young children. It is associated with high annual attack rates as well as being responsible for frequent outpatient visits and hospitalisations. Children aged <2 years are at the highest risk for serious illness or death during the influenza season. The neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir has been proven to reduce the duration and severity of illness when treatment is commenced within 48 hours of symptom onset. The H1N1 pandemic of 2009 prompted temporary emergency authorisation of oseltamivir use in infants aged <1 year in the USA. In December 2012, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reinstated approval of oseltamivir to treat children younger than 1 year old including neonates who have shown symptoms of influenza for less than 48 hours. Current data on the use of oseltamivir in neonates and infants are limited. In this review, we evaluated accumulated data on oseltamivir use in newborns, infants and young children with a special focus on pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety.
流感是幼儿发病和死亡的一个重要原因。它与较高的年发病率相关，也是导致频繁门诊就诊和住院的原因。2岁以下儿童在流感季节患重病或死亡的风险最高。神经氨酸酶抑制剂奥司他韦已被证明，在症状出现后48小时内开始治疗，可缩短病程并减轻病情严重程度。2009年的H1N1大流行促使美国对1岁以下婴儿临时紧急授权使用奥司他韦。2012年12月，美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）恢复了奥司他韦用于治疗1岁以下儿童（包括出现流感症状不到48小时的新生儿）的批准。目前关于奥司他韦在新生儿和婴儿中使用的数据有限。在本综述中，我们评估了奥司他韦在新生儿、婴儿和幼儿中使用的累积数据，特别关注其药代动力学、疗效和安全性。
