Adlesic Edward C
Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2013 Aug;25(3):487-506, vii. doi: 10.1016/j.coms.2013.04.002. Epub 2013 May 15.
Perioperative hypertension is a common problem. If hypertension is left untreated in patients at risk, infarctions and stroke are possible. There are limited choices of antihypertensive agents for the office. Aggressive antihypertensive therapy is not indicated because most of the episodes seen in the office are hypertensive urgencies and not emergencies. Hypotension is usually managed by decreasing the depth of anesthesia, intravenous fluids, and then vasopressors, typically ephedrine or phenylephrine. Consider treatment of hypotension whenever the mean arterial pressure decreases less than 60 mm Hg.
围手术期高血压是一个常见问题。如果对有风险的患者不治疗高血压，就有可能发生梗死和中风。门诊可用的抗高血压药物选择有限。不建议进行积极的抗高血压治疗，因为在门诊见到的大多数情况是高血压急症而非紧急情况。低血压通常通过降低麻醉深度、静脉输液，然后使用血管升压药（通常是麻黄碱或去氧肾上腺素）来处理。只要平均动脉压下降到低于60毫米汞柱，就应考虑治疗低血压。
