The histone LSD1 demethylase in stemness and cancer transcription programs.

DNA and histone chromatin modifying enzymes play a crucial role in chromatin remodeling in several biological processes. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), the first identified histone demethylase, is a relevant player in the regulation of a broad spectrum of biological processes including development, cellular differentiation, embryonic pluripotency and cancer. Here, we review recent insights on the role of LSD1 activity in chromatin regulatory complexes, its functional role in the epigenetic changes during embryonic development, in the establishment and maintenance of stemness and during cancer progression.