Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Regulatory Science, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, MD 20740, USA.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2013 Jul;405(17):5759-72. doi: 10.1007/s00216-013-7005-z. Epub 2013 May 21.
The adverse effects of dietary trans fat on biomarkers of chronic disease are well documented. Regulatory authorities in many countries have enacted legislation aimed at reducing trans fat content of their food supplies, either by requiring trans fat labeling on pre-packaged foods or by limiting the amount of trans fat in oils used for food production. Increased use by the food industry of oils with a low trans fat content necessitates reevaluation of official methods used by the food industry and regulatory agencies for the determination of total trans fat. Attenuated total reflection-Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) are two techniques used in official methods approved by method-endorsing organizations, for example AOAC International and the American Oil Chemists' Society. Here, we review current official ATR-FTIR and GC-FID methods for determination of trans fat, with a focus on factors affecting quantification of low levels of trans fat. We include new data on method performance that have only recently become available, and provide an overview of notable recent developments in lipid analysis (e.g. IR spectroscopy procedures, ionic-liquid GC columns, and multidimensional chromatographic techniques) that have the potential to substantially improve the accuracy, sensitivity, and/or speed of trans fat determination.
膳食反式脂肪对慢性疾病生物标志物的不良影响已有充分记录。许多国家的监管机构都颁布了立法，旨在降低其食品供应中的反式脂肪含量，方法是要求在预包装食品上贴上反式脂肪标签，或限制用于食品生产的油中的反式脂肪含量。食品工业越来越多地使用反式脂肪含量低的油，这就需要重新评估食品工业和监管机构为确定总反式脂肪而使用的官方方法。衰减全反射-傅里叶变换红外（ATR-FTIR）光谱法和火焰离子化检测气相色谱（GC-FID）是两种在官方方法中使用的技术，这些方法得到了方法认可组织的认可，例如 AOAC 国际和美国油化学家协会。在这里，我们回顾了当前用于测定反式脂肪的官方 ATR-FTIR 和 GC-FID 方法，重点介绍了影响低水平反式脂肪定量的因素。我们包括了最近才获得的关于方法性能的新数据，并概述了脂质分析领域的一些显著的最新进展（例如，红外光谱程序、离子液体 GC 柱和多维色谱技术），这些进展有可能极大地提高反式脂肪测定的准确性、灵敏度和/或速度。
