Perea Manuel, García-Chamorro Cristina, Centelles Arnau, Jiménez María
ERI-Lectura and Departamento de Metodología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2013 Jul;143(3):292-7. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2013.04.014. Epub 2013 May 18.
How does the cognitive system encode the location of objects in a visual scene? In the past decade, this question has attracted much attention in the field of visual-word recognition (e.g., "jugde" is perceptually very close to "judge"). Letter transposition effects have been explained in terms of perceptual uncertainty or shared "open bigrams". In the present study, we focus on note position coding in music reading (i.e., a 2D scenario). The usual way to display music is the staff (i.e., a set of 5 horizontal lines and their resultant 4 spaces). When reading musical notation, it is critical to identify not only each note (temporal duration), but also its pitch (y-axis) and its temporal sequence (x-axis). To examine note position coding, we employed a same-different task in which two briefly and consecutively presented staves contained four notes. The experiment was conducted with experts (musicians) and non-experts (non-musicians). For the "different" trials, the critical conditions involved staves in which two internal notes that were switched vertically, horizontally, or fully transposed--as well as the appropriate control conditions. Results revealed that note position coding was only approximate at the early stages of processing and that this encoding process was modulated by expertise. We examine the implications of these findings for models of object position encoding.
认知系统如何在视觉场景中对物体的位置进行编码？在过去十年中，这个问题在视觉单词识别领域引起了广泛关注（例如，“jugde”在感知上与“judge”非常接近）。字母换位效应已根据感知不确定性或共享的“开放双字母组”进行了解释。在本研究中，我们专注于音乐阅读中的音符位置编码（即二维场景）。展示音乐的常用方式是五线谱（即一组五条水平线及其形成的四个空格）。在阅读乐谱时，不仅要识别每个音符（时长），还要识别其音高（y轴）和时间顺序（x轴），这一点至关重要。为了研究音符位置编码，我们采用了一个异同任务，其中两个短暂且连续呈现的五线谱包含四个音符。该实验在专家（音乐家）和非专家（非音乐家）中进行。对于“不同”试验，关键条件包括五线谱中两个内部音符垂直、水平或完全换位的情况，以及适当的对照条件。结果表明，在处理的早期阶段，音符位置编码只是近似的，并且这种编码过程受到专业知识的调节。我们研究了这些发现对物体位置编码模型的意义。
