Katić Ratko, Pavić Renata, Cavala Marijana
University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology, Split, Croatia.
Coll Antropol. 2013 Mar;37(1):81-6.
Sex differentiations of motor development in certain time periods of growing in boys and girls are changes provoked by maturity. The aim of this research was to establish sex differentiations in motor abilities on the transversal sample of 1020 subjects, pupils from the fifth to the eighth grade of the elementary school. Sex differentiations are significantly more expressed in puberty than in pre-puberty age, which approves that the development trend of certain motor abilities is different compared to the sex. We established a statistically significant difference between boys and girls in performing applied motor tests in all four age categories. In both younger and older age groups it is evident girls are more superior to boys in flexibility manifested in the bigger range of movement in a certain joint or a set of joints, i.e. in joint movability, as well as in the easiness and gracefulness of movements. In children of younger ages, motor efficiency of boys in relation to girls is manifested in the greater power of the trunk, greater explosive power of jump and sprint type and in coordination. The boys of older age have increased the difference in explosive power, particularly of throw type with better agility, equilibrium and greater static strength of arm and shoulder belt. There has evidently been a greater development of the muscle mass in the male sex compared to the female sex. On the basis of research results it has been concluded that the motor development follows faster, i.e. sooner in girls compared to boys and that puberty peak happens at the age of twelve for girls (6th grade) and at the age of thirteen for boys (7th grade).
男孩和女孩成长特定时期运动发育的性别差异是由成熟引发的变化。本研究的目的是在1020名受试者（小学五年级至八年级学生）的横向样本中确定运动能力的性别差异。性别差异在青春期比青春期前更为明显，这证实了某些运动能力的发展趋势因性别而异。我们发现在所有四个年龄组中，男孩和女孩在进行应用运动测试时存在统计学上的显著差异。在较年轻和较年长的年龄组中，女孩在灵活性方面都明显优于男孩，这体现在特定关节或一组关节的更大运动范围，即关节活动度上，以及运动的轻松和优雅程度上。在较年幼的儿童中，男孩相对于女孩的运动效率体现在躯干力量更大、跳跃和短跑类型的爆发力更强以及协调性更好。年龄较大的男孩在爆发力方面的差异有所增加，特别是投掷类型，同时具有更好的敏捷性、平衡能力以及手臂和肩带更强的静态力量。显然，男性的肌肉量比女性有更大的发展。根据研究结果得出结论，女孩的运动发育比男孩更快，即更早，女孩的青春期高峰出现在12岁（六年级），男孩的青春期高峰出现在13岁（七年级）。
