Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari School of Medicine , Bari , Italy and.
Arch Physiol Biochem. 2013 Oct;119(4):161-9. doi: 10.3109/13813455.2013.795175. Epub 2013 May 23.
Pancreatic beta-cell mass expands through beta-cell proliferation and neogenesis while it decreases mainly via apoptosis. The loss of balance between beta-cell death and regeneration leads to a reduction of beta-cell functional mass, thus contributing to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The pathogenetic mechanisms causing T2DM are complex, and also include a significant reduction of the incretin effect. A better understanding of the role of incretin hormones in glucose homeostasis has led to the development of incretin-based therapies. Recently, incretin hormones have been shown to stimulate the beta-cell growth and differentiation from pancreas-derived stem/progenitor cells, as well as to exert cytoprotective, antiapoptotic effects on beta-cells. However, the role and the molecular mechanisms by which GLP-1 and its agonists regulate beta-cell mass have not been fully investigated. This review focuses the current findings and the missing understanding of the effects of incretin hormones on beta-cell mass expansion.
胰岛β细胞质量通过β细胞增殖和新生而增加，而主要通过细胞凋亡而减少。β细胞死亡和再生之间的平衡丧失导致β细胞功能质量的减少，从而导致 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）的发病机制。导致 T2DM 的发病机制很复杂，还包括肠促胰岛素效应的显著降低。对肠促胰岛素激素在葡萄糖稳态中的作用的更好理解导致了基于肠促胰岛素的治疗方法的发展。最近，肠促胰岛素激素已被证明可刺激源自胰腺的干细胞/祖细胞的β细胞生长和分化，并对β细胞发挥细胞保护、抗凋亡作用。然而，GLP-1 及其激动剂调节β细胞质量的作用和分子机制尚未得到充分研究。本文综述了肠促胰岛素激素对β细胞质量扩张的影响的现有发现和理解上的不足。
