He Xiaoxing
Department of Health Sciences, Cleveland State University, 1127 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, USA.
J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2012 Nov;23(4):1566-76. doi: 10.1353/hpu.2012.0149.
This 28-year retrospective analysis of 1980-2008 U.S. Census data found increases in Ohio's physicians, minority physicians, ages, work hours, and a consistent shortage of physicians in rural underserved areas. Ohio was below the national ratios of physicians per 100,000 people, with less than 6% of physicians in non-metropolitan areas. In 1980, only 13% of physicians were females. By 2008, about 31% of physicians were females. In 1980, less than 21% of physicians were members of an ethnic minority group, and this figure rose to 29% in 2008. The proportion of African American physicians approximately doubled, from less than 3% in 1980 to about 6% in 2008. To ensure the adequate capacity of the future physician workforce, physician demography should approximate the population served. Long-term investment in the rural practice environment is recommended for attracting and retaining rural practice physicians. Increasing the hiring of physician assistants can support the development of an integrated rural primary care workforce.
这项对1980年至2008年美国人口普查数据的28年回顾性分析发现，俄亥俄州的医生数量、少数族裔医生数量、年龄、工作时长都有所增加，且农村医疗服务不足地区一直存在医生短缺的情况。俄亥俄州每10万人中的医生比例低于全国水平，非都市地区的医生比例不到6%。1980年，只有13%的医生为女性。到2008年，约31%的医生为女性。1980年，不到21%的医生属于少数族裔群体，这一数字在2008年升至29%。非裔美国医生的比例几乎翻了一番，从1980年的不到3%增至2008年的约6%。为确保未来医生队伍有足够的能力，医生人口结构应与所服务的人口相匹配。建议对农村医疗环境进行长期投资，以吸引和留住农村执业医生。增加医生助理的招聘有助于支持农村综合初级医疗队伍的发展。
