Hudsonia, Annandale, NY 12504, USA.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2013 May;1286:1-14. doi: 10.1111/nyas.12146.
High-volume horizontal hydraulic fracturing (HVHHF) for mining natural gas from the Marcellus and Utica shales is widespread in Pennsylvania and potentially throughout approximately 280,000 km(2) of the Appalachian Basin. Physical and chemical impacts of HVHHF include pollution by toxic synthetic chemicals, salt, and radionuclides, landscape fragmentation by wellpads, pipelines, and roads, alteration of stream and wetland hydrology, and increased truck traffic. Despite concerns about human health, there has been little study of the impacts on habitats and biota. Taxa and guilds potentially sensitive to HVHHF impacts include freshwater organisms (e.g., brook trout, freshwater mussels), fragmentation-sensitive biota (e.g., forest-interior breeding birds, forest orchids), and species with restricted geographic ranges (e.g., Wehrle's salamander, tongue-tied minnow). Impacts are potentially serious due to the rapid development of HVHHF over a large region.
大规模水平水力压裂（HVHHF）用于从马塞勒斯和尤蒂卡页岩中开采天然气，在美国宾夕法尼亚州已经广泛应用，并且可能在阿巴拉契亚盆地约 28 万平方公里的范围内得到应用。HVHHF 的物理和化学影响包括有毒合成化学物质、盐和放射性核素的污染，油井平台、管道和道路造成的景观破碎化，溪流和湿地水文学的改变，以及卡车交通量的增加。尽管人们对人类健康存在担忧，但对其对栖息地和生物群的影响的研究甚少。可能对 HVHHF 影响敏感的分类群和 guild 包括淡水生物（例如，溪鳟、淡水贻贝）、对破碎化敏感的生物群（例如，森林内部繁殖鸟类、森林兰花）以及地理分布范围有限的物种（例如，Wehrle 蝾螈、结舌鱼）。由于 HVHHF 在一个大区域内的快速发展，其影响可能非常严重。
