Cardiovascular Development and Repair Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2013 Sep;24(9):460-8. doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2013.04.004. Epub 2013 May 20.
Retinoid X receptors (RXRs) form a distinct and unique subclass within the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-dependent transcription factors. RXRs regulate a plethora of genetic programs, including cell differentiation, the immune response, and lipid and glucose metabolism. Recent advances reveal that RXRs are important regulators of macrophages, key players in inflammatory and metabolic disorders. This review outlines the versatility of RXR action in the control of macrophage gene transcription through its heterodimerization with other NRs or through RXR homodimerization. We also highlight the potential of RXR-controlled transcriptional programs as targets for the treatment of pathologies associated with altered macrophage function, such as atherosclerosis, insulin resistance, autoimmunity, and neurodegeneration.
视黄酸 X 受体 (RXRs) 在核受体 (NR) 配体依赖性转录因子超家族中形成一个独特的亚类。RXRs 调节众多的基因程序，包括细胞分化、免疫反应以及脂质和葡萄糖代谢。最近的研究进展表明，RXRs 是巨噬细胞的重要调节剂，是炎症和代谢紊乱的关键参与者。这篇综述概述了 RXR 通过与其他 NR 形成异二聚体或通过 RXR 同源二聚化来控制巨噬细胞基因转录的多功能性。我们还强调了 RXR 控制的转录程序作为治疗与巨噬细胞功能改变相关的病理学的潜在靶点的潜力，例如动脉粥样硬化、胰岛素抵抗、自身免疫和神经退行性变。
