Velonas Vicki M, Woo Henry H, dos Remedios Cristobal G, Assinder Stephen J
Bosch Institute, the University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2013 May 24;14(6):11034-60. doi: 10.3390/ijms140611034.
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of cancer-related death of men globally. Since its introduction, there has been intense debate as to the effectiveness of the prostate specific antigen (PSA) test as a screening tool for PCa. It is now evident that the PSA test produces unacceptably high rates of false positive results and is not prognostic. Here we review the current status of molecular biomarkers that promise to be prognostic and that might inform individual patient management. It highlights current efforts to identify biomarkers obtained by minimally invasive methods and discusses current knowledge with regard to gene fusions, mRNA and microRNAs, immunology, and cancer-associated microparticles.
前列腺癌（PCa）是全球男性癌症相关死亡的主要原因。自前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）检测作为PCa的筛查工具引入以来，关于其有效性一直存在激烈争论。现在很明显，PSA检测产生的假阳性结果率高得令人无法接受，且不具有预后价值。在此，我们综述了有望具有预后价值并可能为个体患者管理提供信息的分子生物标志物的现状。它强调了目前通过微创方法鉴定生物标志物的努力，并讨论了关于基因融合、mRNA和微小RNA、免疫学以及癌症相关微粒的现有知识。
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