Berková M, Topinková E, Mádlová P, Klán J, Vlachová M, Běláček J
Geriatricka Klinika, Lekarske Fakulty UK a VFN Praha.
Vnitr Lek. 2013 Apr;59(4):256-63.
Population ageing increases number of seniors with decline of physical capabilities and functional deficits. Targeted interventions to maintain or increase physical performance are most effective before the development of full frailty, in so-called "prefrail" period. One of the assessment tools for evaluation of the physical performance and/ or frailty in older persons is the "Short Physical Performance Battery" - SPPB. The aim of the study was to introduce the assessment battery to clinical practice in the CR and to evaluate its selected psychometric properties.
Original English SPPB was translated into Czech language and back translated to ensure linguistic accuracy. SPPB was applied in the selected sample of older persons and validated against other performance tools for cognition, self- care and nutrition status used in CR and selected psychometric properties evaluated.
We examined 145 older persons (108 women, i.e. 74.48 % and 37 men, i.e. 25.52 %) mean age 80.38 years (54- 101 years, SD ± 8,47). We found good physical performance in 35 (24.1 %) older persons (SPPB 10- 12 points), 21 (14.5 %) were identified as prefrail (SPPB 7- 9 points) and 89 (61.4 %) as frail in high risk of future disability or already disabled (SPPB 6 points). We found statistically significant correlation of global SPPB score with nutritional status (MNA- Short Form), activities of daily living performance (ADL) and cognitive performance (MMSE) - (Spearman correlation ρ = 0.51; 0.53 and 0.38 respectively). The Cronbachs a for SPPB variables scored 0.821, which is consistent with good internal consistency of SPPB battery. When evaluating 3 age groups [ 75 years (n = 41), 76- 85 (n = 62) and 86- 101 years (n = 42)] the most significant correlations were found between SPPB and MNA, ADL and MMSE in the young elderly (ρ = 0.74, 0.79 and 0.64 respectively) and they diminished with increasing age.
We confirmed significant correlations between SPPB and self care activities, cognitive performance and nutritional status and good internal consistency of the battery. SPPB test is simple, easy to perform, with low time and cost requirements. It could be recommended for clinical practice in both community and hospitalized older patients to evaluate their overall physical performance and identify persons at risk of frailty and disability who may profit from targeted interventions.
人口老龄化导致身体机能下降和功能缺陷的老年人数量增加。在所谓的“脆弱前期”，即在完全衰弱发展之前，采取有针对性的干预措施来维持或提高身体机能最为有效。“简短体能状况量表”（SPPB）是评估老年人身体机能和/或衰弱状况的工具之一。本研究的目的是将该评估量表引入捷克共和国的临床实践，并评估其选定的心理测量特性。
将原始英文SPPB翻译成捷克语，然后再回译以确保语言准确性。在选定的老年人群样本中应用SPPB，并与用于捷克共和国的其他认知、自我护理和营养状况评估工具进行验证，并评估选定的心理测量特性。
我们检查了145名老年人（108名女性，即74.48%，37名男性，即25.52%），平均年龄80.38岁（54 - 101岁，标准差±8.47）。我们发现35名（24.1%）老年人身体机能良好（SPPB得分为10 - 12分），21名（14.5%）被确定为脆弱前期（SPPB得分为7 - 9分），89名（61.4%）为衰弱且未来残疾风险高或已残疾（SPPB得分为6分）。我们发现全球SPPB总分与营养状况（简易营养评估简表）、日常生活活动能力（ADL）和认知能力（MMSE）之间存在统计学显著相关性——（斯皮尔曼相关性ρ分别为0.51、0.53和0.38）。SPPB变量的克朗巴哈α系数为0.821，这与SPPB量表良好的内部一致性相符。在评估三个年龄组[75岁（n = 41）、76 - 85岁（n = 62）和86 - 101岁（n = 42）]时，在年轻老年人中发现SPPB与MNA、ADL和MMSE之间的相关性最为显著（ρ分别为0.74、0.79和0.64），且随着年龄增长而减弱。
我们证实了SPPB与自我护理活动、认知能力和营养状况之间存在显著相关性，且该量表具有良好的内部一致性。SPPB测试简单、易于实施，时间和成本要求较低。对于社区和住院老年患者的临床实践，推荐使用该测试来评估他们的整体身体机能，并识别可能从有针对性的干预措施中受益的脆弱和残疾风险人群。
