Department of Physical Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.
Curr Opin Struct Biol. 2013 Aug;23(4):595-602. doi: 10.1016/j.sbi.2013.04.012. Epub 2013 May 24.
In all contemporary organisms, the active site of the ribosome--the peptidyl transferase center--catalyzes two distinct reactions, peptide bond formation between peptidyl-tRNA and aminoacyl-tRNA as well as the hydrolysis of peptidyl-tRNA with the help of a release factor. However, when provided with appropriate substrates, ribosomes can also catalyze a broad range of other chemical reaction, which provides the basis for orthogonal translation and synthesis of alloproteins from unnatural building blocks. Advances in understanding the mechanisms of the two ubiquitous reactions, the peptide bond formation and peptide release, provide insights into the versatility of the active site of the ribosome. Release factors 1 and 2 and elongation factor P are auxiliary factors that augment the intrinsic catalytic activity of the ribosome in special cases.
在所有现代生物中，核糖体的活性部位——肽酰转移酶中心——催化两个不同的反应，即在肽基转移 RNA 和氨酰基转移 RNA 之间形成肽键，以及在释放因子的帮助下水解肽基转移 RNA。然而，当提供适当的底物时，核糖体还可以催化广泛的其他化学反应，这为使用非天然构建块正交翻译和合成所有蛋白质提供了基础。对这两个普遍存在的反应（肽键形成和肽释放）机制的深入了解，为核糖体活性部位的多功能性提供了线索。释放因子 1 和 2 和延伸因子 P 是辅助因子，在特殊情况下增强核糖体的内在催化活性。
