Griffith Health Institute, School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Psychooncology. 2013 Nov;22(11):2496-504. doi: 10.1002/pon.3312. Epub 2013 May 27.
To examine prevalence and predictors of cancer-specific distress in undiagnosed men with and without a family history of prostate cancer, and to examine the contribution of perceptions of an affected relative's cancer experience on the distress of unaffected male relatives.
Men with a first degree relative with prostate cancer (n = 207) and men without a family history (n = 239) from Australia completed a Computer Assisted Telephone Interview. Participants completed the Prostate Cancer Anxiety Subscale of the Memorial Anxiety Scale for Prostate Cancer, measures of perceived risk, and socio-demographic information. Men with a family history provided details about their family history (number of relatives diagnosed with and dead from prostate cancer, relationship to affected relative, months since diagnosis) and reported their perceptions of their affected relative's prostate cancer experience including perceptions of threat related to the relative's diagnosis and perceived treatment phase and prognosis.
Cancer-specific distress was low for all men and there was no significant difference in the distress experienced by men with and without a family history. Regression analyses showed that for all men, cancer-specific distress increased with urinary symptoms and decreased in those with higher education and in older participants. For men with a family history, having a relative who died from prostate cancer and perceiving greater threat from a relative's diagnosis was associated with greater cancer-specific distress.
Interventions would benefit from examining appraisals of familial risk and examining prospective assessments of distress in the unaffected male relatives of men with prostate cancer over the course of the cancer trajectory.
调查未诊断出前列腺癌的男性中有无前列腺癌家族史者的癌症特异性困扰的流行率和预测因素，并调查受影响亲属癌症经历对未受影响男性亲属困扰的影响。
来自澳大利亚的有一级亲属患有前列腺癌的男性（n=207）和无家族史的男性（n=239）完成了计算机辅助电话访谈。参与者完成了前列腺癌焦虑量表的前列腺癌焦虑量表子量表、感知风险的测量以及社会人口统计学信息。有家族史的男性提供了有关其家族史的详细信息（被诊断出患有前列腺癌并死于前列腺癌的亲属人数、与受影响亲属的关系、自诊断以来的月数），并报告了他们对受影响亲属前列腺癌经历的看法，包括对亲属诊断的威胁和感知的治疗阶段和预后的看法。
所有男性的癌症特异性困扰都较低，且有家族史和无家族史的男性的困扰程度没有显著差异。回归分析表明，对于所有男性，癌症特异性困扰随着尿症状的增加而增加，随着教育程度的提高和年龄的增加而减少。对于有家族史的男性，有亲属死于前列腺癌以及对亲属诊断的威胁感知更大与更大的癌症特异性困扰相关。
干预措施将受益于检查对家族风险的评估，并在前列腺癌男性的未受影响的男性亲属中，在癌症轨迹的过程中检查困扰的前瞻性评估。
