Carr-Hill Roy A
Institute of Education, University of London, London, UK.
World Health Popul. 2013;14(2):4-11. doi: 10.12927/whp.2013.23270.
The 2015 target date for achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) is fast approaching, but there is very little discussion of the validity of the indicators used to measure progress. In particular, there has been little attention given to the problems that arise when assessments of progress are based on household surveys. These are inappropriate for obtaining information about the poorest of the poor. Typically, they omit by design those not in households because they are homeless; those who are in institutions; and mobile, nomadic or pastoralist populations; and, in practice, household surveys will typically under-represent those in fragile, disjointed or multiple occupancy households; and those in urban slums and insecure areas of a country. Those six subgroups constitute a pretty comprehensive ostensive definition of the "poorest of the poor." Between 300 and 500 million people--mainly in developing countries--will be missed worldwide from the sampling frames of household surveys.
2015年实现千年发展目标（MDGs）的预定日期正在迅速临近，但对于用于衡量进展情况的各项指标的有效性却鲜有讨论。特别是，当依据家庭调查来评估进展时所产生的问题几乎未受到关注。这些调查并不适合获取有关最贫困人群的信息。通常，它们在设计上就遗漏了那些无家可归因而未被纳入家庭的人；住在福利院的人；流动、游牧或牧民群体；而在实际操作中，家庭调查往往会少统计那些居住在脆弱、分散或多人合住家庭中的人；以及城市贫民窟和国家不安全地区的居民。这六个亚群体构成了对“最贫困人群”相当全面的表面定义。在全球范围内，家庭调查的抽样框架将遗漏3亿至5亿人，这些人主要分布在发展中国家。
