Yamasaki M
Department of Anatomy, Akita University School of Medicine, Japan.
Am J Anat. 1990 Jul;188(3):249-59. doi: 10.1002/aja.1001880304.
The thyroid and thymic arteries were investigated in 50 male and 50 female rats. In more than 70% of the animals, on both sides the cranial thyroid artery forms a common trunk with the ascending pharyngeal artery. The caudal thyroid artery arises not from the deep cervical but from the pericardiacophrenic artery. It may be replaced, however, by a branch of some other artery, such as the brachiocephalic, subclavian, vertebral, or ascending cervical, suggesting a shift of its origin from the internal thoracic artery to the thyrocervical trunk as in man. All the thoracic lobes of the thymus are supplied directly by a thymic branch of the internal thoracic artery or indirectly by a branch of the pericardiacophrenic artery. More than half of the specimens have a cervical thymic lobe of variable size, which is supplied by a branch of the cranial thyroid, external carotid, and/or occipital arteries. Some of these thymic arteries, except those from the external carotid and occipital arteries, reach the thoracic lobe. The thoracic lobes lacking a cervical lobe may be supplied by the thymic branch arising only from the cranial thyroid artery. Other anomalous arteries supplying the thoracic lobe are derived from the superficial cervical and/or the right common carotid arteries. These results show that the thymic arteries of rats are basically similar to those of man, although they display a clear difference in their frequency and origin.
对50只雄性和50只雌性大鼠的甲状腺和胸腺动脉进行了研究。在超过70%的动物中，双侧甲状腺上动脉与咽升动脉形成一个共同的主干。甲状腺下动脉并非起源于颈深动脉，而是起源于心包膈动脉。然而，它可能被其他一些动脉的分支所替代，如头臂干、锁骨下动脉、椎动脉或颈升动脉，这表明其起源如同人类一样，从胸廓内动脉转移至甲状腺颈干。胸腺的所有胸叶均直接由胸廓内动脉的胸腺支或间接由心包膈动脉的分支供血。超过一半的标本有大小不一的颈叶胸腺，由甲状腺上动脉、颈外动脉和/或枕动脉的分支供血。这些胸腺动脉中，除了来自颈外动脉和枕动脉的分支外，一些分支可延伸至胸叶。缺少颈叶的胸叶可能仅由甲状腺上动脉发出的胸腺支供血。其他供应胸叶的异常动脉则起源于颈浅动脉和/或右颈总动脉。这些结果表明，大鼠的胸腺动脉与人类基本相似，尽管在其出现频率和起源方面存在明显差异。
