Greer G J, Mimpfoundi R, Malek E A, Joky A, Ngonseu E, Ratard R C
Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1990 Jun;42(6):573-80. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1990.42.573.
A nationwide survey for snail hosts of human schistosomes was carried out in Cameroon between 1985 and 1988. In total, 668 sites at 432 locations were sampled. In the arid, northern half of the country (tropical climatic zone), where both intestinal and urinary schistosomiasis are hyperendemic, Biomphalaria pfeifferi was the only Schistosoma mansoni host and Bulinus globusus and B. senegalensis the most common S. haematobium hosts. In that region, these snails occurred almost exclusively in temporary bodies of water. Taking into account results from a companion study on the distribution of schistosomiasis in humans, our results clearly show that temporary water bodies in the tropical zone are the principal foci of transmission. These findings disagree with commonly held views about schistosome transmission in Cameroon. B. truncatus, a S. haematobium host, was also present in the tropical zone but was found principally in perennial habitats. Although some perennial habitats were important transmission sites, they represent only a small portion of the overall problem. B. truncatus is the principal S. haematobium host in the wetter southern half of the country where schistosomiasis haematobium is highly focal. Biom. camerunensis was far more common than Biom. pfeifferi in the South but did not occur where S. mansoni prevalence rates were high; thus it appears to be a poor host. B. forskalii, the sole host of S. intercalatum in Cameroon, occurs widely throughout the country; however, the schistosome is restricted to a small region in the South.
1985年至1988年期间，在喀麦隆开展了一项全国范围内的人体血吸虫中间宿主调查。共对432个地点的668个位点进行了采样。在该国干旱的北半部（热带气候区），肠道血吸虫病和泌尿生殖系统血吸虫病均为高度流行，费氏拟钉螺是曼氏血吸虫的唯一中间宿主，球形水泡螺和塞内加尔水泡螺是埃及血吸虫最常见的中间宿主。在该地区，这些螺几乎仅出现在临时性水体中。结合一项关于人体血吸虫病分布的配套研究结果，我们的研究结果清楚地表明，热带地区的临时性水体是主要的传播疫源地。这些发现与喀麦隆关于血吸虫传播的普遍观点不一致。截形水泡螺是埃及血吸虫的中间宿主，也存在于热带地区，但主要见于常年性生境。虽然一些常年性生境是重要的传播地点，但它们在整个问题中只占一小部分。截形水泡螺是该国南部较湿润地区埃及血吸虫的主要中间宿主，在该地区埃及血吸虫病呈高度聚集性。喀麦隆泡螺在南部远比费氏拟钉螺常见，但在曼氏血吸虫流行率高的地区未出现；因此，它似乎是一种不适宜的宿主。福氏水泡螺是喀麦隆间插血吸虫的唯一中间宿主，在该国广泛分布；然而，这种血吸虫仅限于南部的一个小区域。
