Krekmanova Larisa, Hakeberg Magnus, Robertson Agneta, Klingberg Gunilla
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Odontology at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
Swed Dent J. 2013;37(1):31-8.
The aim of the study was to reduce everyday and dental treatment pain items included in the extended Children's Pain Inventory (CPI), used in a prior study on Swedish children and adolescents. Another aim was to, by means of exploratory factor analysis (EFA), expose hitherto undiscovered dimensions of the CPI pain variables and thus to improve the psychometric properties of CPI. As some pain items are relevant merely to some individuals, a new and more useful questionnaire construction would enhance the internal validity of the instrument in observational surveys. EFA was applied on the extended CPI instrument. 368 children, 8-19 years old, had answered a questionnaire comprising 10 dental and 28 everyday pain variables. These pain items were analysed using a series of sequentially implemented EFA. Interpretations and decisions on the final number of the extracted factors was based on accepted principles; Kaiser's Eigenvalue >1 criterion, inspection of the scree plot and the interpretability of the items loading. The factors were orthogonally rotated using the Varimax method to maximize the amount of variance. Of all tested EFA models in the analysis, a two, three, four, and five factor model surfaced. The interpretability of the factors and their items loading were stepwise examined; the items were modulated and the factors re-evaluated. A four factor pain model emerged as the most interpretable, explaining 79% of the total variance depicting Eigenvalues > 1.014. The factors were named indicating the profile of the content: Factor I cutting trauma to skin/mucosal pain, Factor II head/neck pain, Factor III tenderness/blunt trauma pain, Factor IV oral/dental treatment pain.
该研究的目的是减少先前一项针对瑞典儿童和青少年的研究中所使用的扩展儿童疼痛量表（CPI）中包含的日常疼痛和牙科治疗疼痛项目。另一个目的是通过探索性因素分析（EFA），揭示CPI疼痛变量迄今未被发现的维度，从而改善CPI的心理测量特性。由于一些疼痛项目仅与某些个体相关，一种新的、更有用的问卷结构将提高该工具在观察性调查中的内部效度。对扩展的CPI工具应用了EFA。368名8至19岁的儿童回答了一份包含10个牙科疼痛变量和28个日常疼痛变量的问卷。使用一系列依次实施的EFA对这些疼痛项目进行了分析。对提取因素的最终数量的解释和决策基于公认的原则：凯泽特征值>1标准、碎石图检查以及项目载荷的可解释性。使用方差最大化法对因素进行正交旋转，以最大化方差量。在分析中所有测试的EFA模型中，出现了一个二因素、三因素、四因素和五因素模型。逐步检查了因素及其项目载荷的可解释性；对项目进行了调整，并对因素进行了重新评估。一个四因素疼痛模型成为最具可解释性的模型，解释了总方差的79%，特征值>1.014。这些因素根据内容概况进行了命名：因素I为皮肤/黏膜切割创伤疼痛，因素II为头/颈疼痛，因素III为压痛/钝性创伤疼痛，因素IV为口腔/牙科治疗疼痛。
