School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska.
Compr Physiol. 2012 Jul;2(3):1889-919. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c110013.
This review covers the field of diving physiology by following a chronological approach and focusing heavily on marine mammals. Because the study of modern diving physiology can be traced almost entirely to the work of Laurence Irving in the 1930s, this particular field of physiology is different than most in that it did not derive from multiple laboratories working at many locations or on different aspects of a similar problem. Because most of the physiology principles still used today were first formulated by Irving, it is important to the study of this field that the sequence of thought is examined as a progression of theory. The review covers the field in roughly decadal blocks and traces ideas as they were first suggested, tested, modified and in some cases, abandoned. Because diving physiology has also been extremely dependent on new technologies used in the development of diving recorders, a chronological approach fits well with advances in electronics and mechanical innovation. There are many species that dive underwater as part of their natural behavior, but it is mainly the marine mammals (seals, sea lions, and whales) that demonstrate both long duration and dives to great depth. There have been many studies on other diving species including birds, snakes, small aquatic mammals, and humans. This work examines these other diving species as appropriate and a listing of reviews and relevant literature on these groups is included at the end.
这篇综述按照时间顺序回顾了潜水生理学领域，重点关注海洋哺乳动物。由于现代潜水生理学的研究几乎完全可以追溯到劳伦斯·欧文（Laurence Irving）在 20 世纪 30 年代的工作，因此这个生理学领域与大多数领域不同，它不是源于多个实验室在不同地点或相似问题的不同方面进行的工作。由于今天仍然使用的大多数生理学原理最初都是由欧文制定的，因此检查思想的顺序作为理论的发展过程对于该领域的研究非常重要。本综述大致按十年为一个阶段来涵盖该领域，并追溯最初提出、测试、修改和在某些情况下被放弃的观点。由于潜水生理学也非常依赖于潜水记录器开发中使用的新技术，因此按时间顺序的方法非常适合电子技术和机械创新的进步。有许多物种会在水下潜水，这是它们的自然行为的一部分，但主要是海洋哺乳动物（海豹、海狮和鲸鱼）表现出长时间和深度潜水的能力。已经有许多关于其他潜水物种的研究，包括鸟类、蛇类、小型水生哺乳动物和人类。这项工作适当地检查了这些其他潜水物种，并在文末列出了关于这些群体的综述和相关文献。
