Castellini Michael A, Castellini J Margaret
Institute of Marine Science, School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA.
Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2004 Nov;139(3):509-18. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2004.09.011.
The field of marine mammal diving biochemistry was essentially untouched when Peter Hochachka turned his attention to it in the mid-1970s. Over the next 30 years, his work followed three main themes in this area: first, most biologists at that time supported the theory that diving mammals utilized enhanced metabolic pathways for hypoxic energy production (glycolysis to lactate) and reduced their metabolic rate while diving. Peter began his work on potential hypoxic adaptations in marine mammals by working out the details of how these pathways would be regulated. By the 1980s, he started to ask how diving mammals balanced the increased demands of exercise with the apparently conflicting demands to reduce aerobic metabolism while exercising underwater. By the 1990s, his work involved complex models of the interplay between the neural, hormonal, behavioral and evolutionary components of diving biochemistry and animal exercise. From a comparative approach, he excelled at bringing themes of hypoxic adaptation from many different types of animals to the field of diving mammal biochemistry. This review traces the history of Peter Hochachka's work on diving biochemistry from the perspective of those of us who spent time with him both inside the laboratory and outside in the field from Antarctica to Iceland.
20世纪70年代中期彼得·霍查克将注意力转向海洋哺乳动物潜水生物化学领域时，该领域基本上还无人涉足。在接下来的30年里，他在这个领域的研究主要围绕三个主题展开：首先，当时大多数生物学家支持这样一种理论，即潜水哺乳动物利用增强的代谢途径进行低氧能量产生（糖酵解生成乳酸），并在潜水时降低代谢率。彼得通过研究这些途径如何被调节的细节，开始了他关于海洋哺乳动物潜在低氧适应性的研究。到了20世纪80年代，他开始探讨潜水哺乳动物如何在水下运动时，平衡运动增加的需求与明显相互冲突的降低有氧代谢的需求。到了20世纪90年代，他的研究涉及潜水生物化学和动物运动的神经、激素、行为及进化成分之间相互作用的复杂模型。从比较的角度来看，他擅长将许多不同类型动物的低氧适应主题引入潜水哺乳动物生物化学领域。这篇综述从我们这些在实验室内外与他共事过的人的视角，追溯了彼得·霍查克在潜水生物化学方面的研究历程，研究范围从南极洲到冰岛。
