Department of Pain Medicine and Palliative Care, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
J Pain Res. 2013 May 20;6:375-8. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S42487. Print 2013.
It has been proposed that some deaths attributed to methadone are related to prolongation of the QTc interval; however, there are no clear recommendations on electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring in patients undergoing intravenous methadone infusion. This is a report on a patient receiving methadone intravenous patient-controlled analgesia titration for the treatment of chronic pain. Initially, her daily ECGs showed QTc intervals within normal limits; however, she experienced a rapid increase in QTc interval from 317 ms to 784 ms within a 24-hour period after methadone had been discontinued for excessive sedation. QTc interval greater than 500 ms is considered to be high risk for the fatal arrhythmia Torsades de Pointes. Daily ECGs did not detect a gradual increase in the QTc interval that would have alerted the medical staff of the need to decrease or stop the methadone before reaching a prolonged QTc interval associated with cardiotoxicity. In selected cases where aggressive methadone titration is required, more intensive monitoring, such as telemetry or ECG determinations every 12 hours, might help detect changes in QTc interval duration that might otherwise be missed by daily ECG determinations.
有人提出,一些归因于美沙酮的死亡与 QTc 间期延长有关;然而,对于接受静脉注射美沙酮输注的患者,并没有关于心电图(ECG)监测的明确建议。这是一篇关于接受美沙酮静脉患者自控镇痛滴定治疗慢性疼痛的患者的报告。最初,她的每日心电图显示 QTc 间期在正常范围内;然而,在停用美沙酮以治疗过度镇静后 24 小时内,她的 QTc 间期迅速从 317 毫秒增加到 784 毫秒。QTc 间期大于 500 毫秒被认为是致命性心律失常尖端扭转型室性心动过速的高风险因素。每日心电图并未检测到 QTc 间期逐渐增加,这将使医务人员注意到在达到与心脏毒性相关的延长 QTc 间期之前需要减少或停止美沙酮。在需要积极美沙酮滴定的选定情况下,更密集的监测,例如每 12 小时进行遥测或心电图测定,可能有助于检测 QTc 间期持续时间的变化,否则可能会被每日心电图测定遗漏。