儿童和青少年的骨骼健康：骨密度低的风险因素。
Bone health in children and adolescents: risk factors for low bone density.
作者信息
Pitukcheewanont Pisit, Austin Juliana, Chen Paul, Punyasavatsut Natavut
机构信息
Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA.
出版信息
Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 2013 Mar-Apr;10(3):318-35.
Osteoporosis is a common disease that is characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD). Decreased BMD is associated with increased fracture risk. In adults, normal BMD results from the balance between accrual of peak bone mass (PBM) at the end of adolescence, and subsequent bone loss with age. Although environmental factors play a role, hereditary factors are the major contributors (up to 80%) to the variability in PBM. This review examines the effects of genetics, physical activity and immobilization, smoking, chronic diseases and medications, vitamin D, calcium, and various other dietary factors on bone integrity in children, adolescents, and adults.
骨质疏松症是一种以低骨矿物质密度（BMD）为特征的常见疾病。骨矿物质密度降低与骨折风险增加相关。在成年人中，正常的骨矿物质密度源于青春期末期峰值骨量（PBM）的积累与随后随年龄增长的骨质流失之间的平衡。尽管环境因素起一定作用，但遗传因素是峰值骨量变异性的主要贡献者（高达80%）。本综述探讨了遗传、体育活动与固定、吸烟、慢性疾病与药物、维生素D、钙以及各种其他饮食因素对儿童、青少年和成年人骨骼完整性的影响。
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