Selleri Paolo, Di Girolamo Nicola, Melidone Raffaele
Clinica per Animali Esotici, Centro Veterinario Specialistico, Via Sandro Giovannini 53, 00137 Rome, Italy.
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2013 Jun 15;242(12):1744-50. doi: 10.2460/javma.242.12.1744.
To describe a noninvasive technique for sex identification of posthatchling chelonians and to assess its safety in Hermann's tortoises (Testudo hermanni).
Validation study and clinical trial.
15 recently dead posthachling chelonians and 25 healthy posthatchling Hermann's tortoises.
Cystoscopy was performed on both dead and anesthetized live chelonians. Dead chelonians ranged in body weight from 32.4 to 75.1 g (0.07 to 0.17 lb; median, 45.7 g [0.10 lb]). Dead chelonians were dissected immediately after cystoscopy, and gonads were collected for histologic examination. Urinary bladder was macroscopically evaluated in situ to assess its integrity after retrograde injection of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. Hermann's tortoises ranged in body weight from 27.3 to 57.8 g (0.06 to 0.13 lb; median, 37.0 g [0.08 lb]). Cystoscopic examination of live tortoises was performed following induction of general anesthesia with a mixture of morphine, dexmedetomidine, and ketamine administered IM. The Pearson coefficient was used to assess the consistency between procedure time and body weight; κ statistic was used to evaluate agreement between sex identified by cystoscopy and histologic examination beyond that expected by mere chance.
Visualization of gonads was feasible through the thin, transparent urinary bladder wall in all the animals evaluated in this study. Blinded histologic examination confirmed the results of cystoscopic gonad identification in all dead chelonians (κ = 1.0). The urinary bladder did not have evidence of macroscopic leakage or microscopic alterations of normal tissue architecture within the representative sections chosen for histologic examination. In live tortoises, median procedure time (range) was 90 (39 to 345) seconds. No significant correlations were found between procedure time and body weight.
Cystoscopy performed by means of rigid endoscopy with fluid instillation was found to be an effective method for sex identification of immature chelonians. Furthermore, no complications were observed when this procedure was performed in vivo.
描述一种用于孵化后龟类性别鉴定的非侵入性技术，并评估其在赫尔曼陆龟（Testudo hermanni）中的安全性。
验证研究和临床试验。
15只刚死亡的孵化后龟类和25只健康的孵化后赫尔曼陆龟。
对死亡和麻醉的活体龟类进行膀胱镜检查。死亡龟类体重范围为32.4至75.1克（0.07至0.17磅；中位数为45.7克[0.10磅]）。膀胱镜检查后立即解剖死亡龟类，收集性腺进行组织学检查。在逆行注入生理盐水（0.9%氯化钠）溶液后，对膀胱进行原位宏观评估，以评估其完整性。赫尔曼陆龟体重范围为27.3至57.8克（0.06至0.13磅；中位数为37.0克[0.08磅]）。通过肌肉注射吗啡、右美托咪定和氯胺酮混合剂诱导全身麻醉后，对活体陆龟进行膀胱镜检查。采用皮尔逊系数评估操作时间与体重之间的一致性；κ统计量用于评估膀胱镜检查鉴定的性别与组织学检查鉴定的性别之间的一致性，超出单纯偶然预期的一致性。
在本研究评估的所有动物中，通过薄而透明的膀胱壁可以看到性腺。盲法组织学检查证实了所有死亡龟类膀胱镜性腺鉴定的结果（κ = 1.0）。在选择用于组织学检查的代表性切片中，膀胱没有宏观渗漏或正常组织结构微观改变的证据。在活体陆龟中，中位操作时间（范围）为90（39至345）秒。操作时间与体重之间未发现显著相关性。
发现通过刚性内窥镜并注入液体进行膀胱镜检查是未成熟龟类性别鉴定的有效方法。此外，在体内进行该操作时未观察到并发症。
