Quantitative Landscape Ecology, Institute for Environmental Science, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany.
Environ Pollut. 2013 Sep;180:324-9. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.05.025. Epub 2013 May 28.
We reviewed 122 peer-reviewed studies on the effects of organic toxicants and heavy metals on three fundamental ecosystem functions in freshwater ecosystems, i.e. leaf litter breakdown, primary production and community respiration. From each study meeting the inclusion criteria, the concentration resulting in a reduction of at least 20% in an ecosystem function was standardized based on median effect concentrations of standard test organisms (i.e. algae and daphnids). For pesticides, more than one third of observations indicated reductions in ecosystem functions at concentrations that are assumed being protective in regulation. Moreover, the reduction in leaf litter breakdown was more pronounced in the presence of invertebrate decomposers compared to studies where only microorganisms were involved in this function. High variability within and between studies hampered the derivation of a concentration-effect relationship. Hence, if ecosystem functions are to be included as protection goal in chemical risk assessment standardized methods are required.
我们回顾了 122 篇关于有机毒物和重金属对淡水生态系统中三个基本生态系统功能（即落叶分解、初级生产和群落呼吸）影响的同行评议研究。从符合纳入标准的每项研究中，根据标准测试生物（即藻类和水蚤）的中值效应浓度，将导致生态系统功能降低至少 20%的浓度标准化。对于农药，超过三分之一的观察结果表明，在被认为具有监管保护作用的浓度下，生态系统功能会降低。此外，与仅涉及微生物参与此功能的研究相比，在存在无脊椎动物分解者的情况下，落叶分解的减少更为明显。研究内和研究间的高度变异性妨碍了浓度-效应关系的推导。因此，如果要将生态系统功能纳入化学风险评估的保护目标，则需要标准化方法。
