Dept Fisiologia i Immunologia (Biologia), University of Barcelone, Xarxa de Referència de Recerca i Desenvolupament en Aqüicultura de la Generalitat de Catalunya, Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain,
Mar Biotechnol (NY). 2013 Dec;15(6):629-46. doi: 10.1007/s10126-013-9513-4. Epub 2013 Jun 1.
Skin and scale formation and regeneration in teleosts have mainly been described from a morphological perspective, and few studies of the underlying molecular events exist. The present study evaluates (1) the change in the skin proteome during its regeneration in a marine teleost fish (gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata) and (2) the impact of oestradiol-17β (Ε2) on regeneration and the involvement of oestrogen receptor (ER) isoforms. Thirty-five candidate proteins were differentially expressed (p < 0.05) between intact and regenerated skin proteome 5 days after scale removal, and 27 proteins were differentially expressed after E2 treatment. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering of the skin proteome revealed that the skin treated with E2 clustered most closely to intact skin, while regenerating untreated skin formed an independent cluster. Gene Ontology classification associated the differentially expressed proteins in E2-treated skin with developmental processes and cellular morphogenesis. The proteins modified during skin regeneration suggest a balance exists between immune response and anatomical repair. Overall, the results indicate that, even after 5 days regeneration, the composition of mature skin is not attained, and endocrine factors, in particular E2, can accelerate wound repair acting possibly via ERβs expressed in the skin-scales. Several candidate proteins probably involved in scale development, osteoglycin, lipocalin2 and lamin A and the transcription factors PHD and grainyhead were identified. Future studies of fish skin regeneration will be required to provide further insight into this multistage process, and the present study indicates it will be useful to explore immune adaptations of epithelia permanently exposed to an aqueous environment.
硬骨鱼类的皮肤和鳞片的形成和再生主要从形态学角度进行描述，而关于其潜在的分子事件的研究较少。本研究评估了（1）在一种海洋硬骨鱼类（真鲷，Sparus aurata）的皮肤再生过程中皮肤蛋白质组的变化，以及（2）雌激素-17β（Ε2）对再生的影响以及雌激素受体（ER）同工型的参与。在去除鳞片后 5 天，35 种候选蛋白在完整皮肤和再生皮肤蛋白质组之间差异表达（p<0.05），在 E2 处理后有 27 种蛋白差异表达。皮肤蛋白质组的凝聚层次聚类表明，用 E2 处理的皮肤与完整皮肤聚类最接近，而未处理的再生皮肤则形成独立的聚类。基因本体分类将 E2 处理皮肤中差异表达的蛋白与发育过程和细胞形态发生相关联。在皮肤再生过程中修饰的蛋白表明免疫反应和解剖修复之间存在平衡。总的来说，这些结果表明，即使在 5 天的再生后，成熟皮肤的组成也未完全恢复，内分泌因素，特别是 E2，可以通过在皮肤鳞片中表达的 ERβ 加速伤口修复。鉴定出了几个可能参与鳞片发育的候选蛋白，包括骨粘连蛋白、脂钙蛋白 2 和核纤层蛋白 A 以及转录因子 PHD 和颗粒头。需要进一步研究鱼类皮肤再生，以深入了解这一多阶段过程，本研究表明，探索长期暴露于水相环境的上皮的免疫适应将是有用的。
