Air Quality Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Kyungseo-dong, Seo-gu, Incheon, 404-708, Korea.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2013 Dec;20(12):8717-28. doi: 10.1007/s11356-013-1843-2. Epub 2013 Jun 1.
This study examines the characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and their major emission sources at the Bulgwang site in Seoul, Korea. The annual levels of VOCs (96.2-121.1 ppb C) have shown a decreasing trend from 2004 to 2008. The most abundant component in Seoul was toluene, which accounted for over 23.5 % of the total VOCs on the parts per billion on a carbon basis, and the portions of alkanes with two to six carbons constituted the largest major lumped group, ranging from 40.1 to 48.4 % (45.3 ± 3.7 %) of the total VOCs. Major components of the solvent (toluene, m/p-xylene, o-xylene, and ethylbenzene) showed high in daytime and summer and low in nighttime and winter due mainly to the variation of the ambient temperature. The species mostly emitted from gasoline vapor (i/n-butane, i/n-pentane, n-hexane, and 2-methylpentane) and vehicular exhaust (ethylene, acetylene, and benzene) showed bimodal peaks in the diurnal variation around the commuting hours because of the high traffic volume. For the 14 out of 15 highest concentration species, the weekend effect was only evident on Sundays because of the stepwise implementation of the 5-day work-week system. Principal components analysis (PCA) was applied in order to identify the sources of the 15 highest concentration VOCs and, as a result, three principal components such as gasoline vapor (48.9 %), vehicular exhaust (17.9 %), and evaporation of solvents (9.8 %) were obtained to explain a total of 76.6 % of the data variance. Most influential contributing sources at the sampling site were traffic-related ones although the use of solvent was the dominant emission source based on the official emission inventory.
本研究考察了韩国首尔 Bulgwang 地区挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）的特征及其主要排放源。2004 年至 2008 年期间，VOCs 的年平均浓度（96.2-121.1 ppb C）呈下降趋势。首尔市最丰富的成分是甲苯，占总 VOCs 的碳基浓度超过 23.5%，含 2 至 6 个碳原子的烷烃构成了最大的主要综合组，占总 VOCs 的 40.1%至 48.4%（45.3±3.7%）。溶剂的主要成分（甲苯、间/对二甲苯、邻二甲苯和乙苯）由于环境温度的变化，在白天和夏季较高，在夜间和冬季较低。主要来自汽油蒸气（正/异丁烷、正/戊烷、正己烷和 2-甲基戊烷）和机动车尾气（乙烯、乙炔和苯）的物种，由于交通量高，在上下班时间的昼夜变化中呈现双峰峰值。在 15 种最高浓度的物种中，只有 14 种在周日出现周末效应，这是由于逐步实施 5 天工作制。应用主成分分析（PCA）来识别 15 种最高浓度 VOCs 的来源，结果得到了三个主要成分，如汽油蒸气（48.9%）、机动车尾气（17.9%）和溶剂蒸发（9.8%），总共解释了 76.6%的数据方差。尽管基于官方排放清单，溶剂的使用是主要的排放源，但在采样点，最具影响力的贡献源是与交通有关的。
