Institute of Psychological Sciences.
Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University.
Health Psychol. 2014 May;33(5):465-74. doi: 10.1037/a0032853. Epub 2013 Jun 3.
To systematically investigate the extent and type of theory use in physical activity and dietary interventions, as well as associations between extent and type of theory use with intervention effectiveness.
An in-depth analysis of studies included in two systematic reviews of physical activity and healthy eating interventions (k = 190). Extent and type of theory use was assessed using the Theory Coding Scheme (TCS) and intervention effectiveness was calculated using Hedges's g. Metaregressions assessed the relationships between these measures.
Fifty-six percent of interventions reported a theory base. Of these, 90% did not report links between all of their behavior change techniques (BCTs) with specific theoretical constructs and 91% did not report links between all the specified constructs with BCTs. The associations between a composite score or specific items on the TCS and intervention effectiveness were inconsistent. Interventions based on Social Cognitive Theory or the Transtheoretical Model were similarly effective and no more effective than interventions not reporting a theory base.
The coding of theory in these studies suggested that theory was not often used extensively in the development of interventions. Moreover, the relationships between type of theory used and the extent of theory use with effectiveness were generally weak. The findings suggest that attempts to apply the two theories commonly used in this review more extensively are unlikely to increase intervention effectiveness.
系统调查身体活动和饮食干预中理论应用的程度和类型，以及理论应用的程度和类型与干预效果之间的关联。
深入分析了两项关于身体活动和健康饮食干预的系统评价中的研究（k = 190）。使用理论编码方案（TCS）评估理论应用的程度和类型，使用 Hedges 的 g 计算干预效果。元回归评估了这些措施之间的关系。
56%的干预措施报告了理论基础。其中，90%的干预措施没有报告其所有行为改变技术（BCTs）与特定理论结构之间的联系，91%的干预措施没有报告所有指定结构与 BCTs 之间的联系。TCS 的综合得分或特定项目与干预效果之间的关联不一致。基于社会认知理论或跨理论模型的干预措施与未报告理论基础的干预措施同样有效，且没有更有效。
这些研究中的理论编码表明，理论在干预措施的制定中并没有经常被广泛应用。此外，所使用的理论类型与有效性之间的理论应用程度之间的关系通常较弱。研究结果表明，尝试更广泛地应用这两个在本综述中常用的理论不太可能提高干预效果。
