Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, 2801 Sharon Turnpike, Millbrook, New York 12545, USA.
Ecol Appl. 2013 Apr;23(3):583-93. doi: 10.1890/12-0491.1.
Pharmaceutical and personal care products are ubiquitous in surface waters but their effects on aquatic biofilms and associated ecosystem properties are not well understood. We measured in situ responses of stream biofilms to six common pharmaceutical compounds (caffeine, cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, diphenhydramine, metformin, ranitidine, and a mixture of each) by deploying pharmaceutical-diffusing substrates in streams in Indiana, Maryland, and New York. Results were consistent across seasons and geographic locations. On average, algal biomass was suppressed by 22%, 4%, 22%, and 18% relative to controls by caffeine, ciprofloxacin, diphenhydramine, and the mixed treatment, respectively. Biofilm respiration was significantly suppressed by caffeine (53%), cimetidine (51%), ciprofloxacin (91%), diphenhydramine (63%), and the mixed treatment (40%). In autumn in New York, photosynthesis was also significantly suppressed by diphenhydramine (99%) and the mixed treatment (88%). Pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes was used to examine the effects of caffeine and diphenhydramine on biofilm bacterial community composition at the three sites. Relative to the controls, diphenhydramine exposure significantly altered bacterial community composition and resulted in significant relative increases in Pseudomonas sp. and decreases in Flavobacterium sp. in all three streams. These ubiquitous pharmaceuticals, alone or in combination, influenced stream biofilms, which could have consequences for higher trophic levels and important ecosystem processes.
药品和个人护理产品在地表水中无处不在，但它们对水生生物膜和相关生态系统特性的影响尚未得到充分理解。我们通过在印第安纳州、马里兰州和纽约的溪流中部署药物扩散基质，测量了六种常见药物化合物（咖啡因、西咪替丁、环丙沙星、苯海拉明、二甲双胍、雷尼替丁和每种药物的混合物）对溪流生物膜的原位反应。结果在季节和地理位置上是一致的。与对照相比，平均而言，咖啡因、环丙沙星、苯海拉明和混合处理分别使藻类生物量减少了 22%、4%、22%和 18%。咖啡因（53%）、西咪替丁（51%）、环丙沙星（91%）、苯海拉明（63%）和混合处理（40%）显著抑制了生物膜呼吸作用。在纽约的秋季，苯海拉明（99%）和混合处理（88%）也显著抑制了光合作用。16S rRNA 基因的焦磷酸测序用于研究咖啡因和苯海拉明对三个地点生物膜细菌群落组成的影响。与对照相比，苯海拉明暴露显著改变了细菌群落组成，导致所有三个溪流中的假单胞菌属相对增加，黄杆菌属相对减少。这些无处不在的药物，单独或组合使用，都会影响溪流生物膜，这可能对更高营养级和重要的生态系统过程产生影响。
