Rodriguez-Ramos Fernandez Julia, Dubielzig Richard R
Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
Vet Ophthalmol. 2013 Jul;16 Suppl 1:94-9. doi: 10.1111/vop.12070. Epub 2013 Jun 5.
There is little information regarding ocular anatomy and histology in many of the rodent species. Histological analyses for morphologic features were performed in 31 globes from 18 rodent species submitted to and archived at the Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin. The following measurements were taken: thickness of the cornea, corneal epithelium, corneal stroma, Descemet's membrane, and retina. H&E sections were evaluated for the following anatomical features: presence of pigmented epithelial cells in the peripheral cornea, presence and location of Schlemm's canal, presence of iridal sphincter and dilator and ciliary body muscles, presence of pars plicata and plana, presence of retinal vessels, presence of lamina cribrosa, and presence of tapetum lucidum. The springhaas was the only rodent in our collection that presented a well-developed tapetum lucidum fibrosum. The presence of retinal vessels was variable: vessels were observed in all of the members of the mouse-related clade, except the springhaas and the beaver, in all of the squirrel-related clade members, and in none of the Ctenohystrica. In the flying squirrels, blood vessels extended to the outer limiting membrane in the photoreceptor layer. Beavers, chinchillas, capybara, and guinea pigs lacked vessels within the retina; however, they had vessels within the optic nerve head. Ground squirrels have an optic nerve head, which is linear in the horizontal plane and an asymmetric retina. The tree-dwelling squirrels have a rounded but still elongated optic nerve, and the flying squirrel has a round optic nerve head like all the other rodents.
许多啮齿动物物种的眼部解剖学和组织学信息很少。对提交至威斯康星州比较眼病理学实验室并存档的18种啮齿动物的31只眼球进行了形态学特征的组织学分析。进行了以下测量：角膜、角膜上皮、角膜基质、Descemet膜和视网膜的厚度。对苏木精-伊红（H&E）切片评估了以下解剖学特征：周边角膜中色素上皮细胞的存在情况、施莱姆管的存在及位置、虹膜括约肌和瞳孔开大肌以及睫状肌的存在情况、睫状突和平部的存在情况、视网膜血管的存在情况、筛板的存在情况以及明毯的存在情况。跳兔是我们所收集的啮齿动物中唯一具有发育良好的纤维性明毯的物种。视网膜血管的存在情况各不相同：在与小鼠相关的类群的所有成员中均观察到血管，但跳兔和海狸除外；在与松鼠相关的类群的所有成员中也观察到血管；而在栉趾鼠类中均未观察到血管。在飞鼠中，血管延伸至感光层的外界膜。海狸、毛丝鼠、水豚和豚鼠在视网膜内没有血管；然而，它们在视神经乳头内有血管。地松鼠有一个在水平面上呈线性的视神经乳头和一个不对称的视网膜。树栖松鼠有一个圆形但仍呈细长状的视神经，而飞鼠有一个像所有其他啮齿动物一样的圆形视神经乳头。
