University Psychiatric Centre, University of Leuven, Campus Kortenberg, Kortenberg, Belgium.
J Pers Disord. 2013 Jun;27(3):320-36. doi: 10.1521/pedi.2013.27.3.320.
Recently, the DSM-5 Personality and Personality Disorders Work Group has proposed a multiple level approach toward the classification and diagnosis of personality disorders (PDs), with the first level entailing a rating of impairments in levels of personality functioning. Although a number of measures that assess levels of personality functioning have been validated, given its prominent status in the DSM-5 proposal and contemporary theories of personality pathology, the Work Group has called for more research in this area (e.g., Bender, Morey, & Skodol, 2011). In response to this call, this study investigates the relationship between two major, well-validated dimensional measures of levels of personality functioning, that is, the Differentiation-Relatedness Scale (DR-S; Diamond, Blatt, Stayner, & Kaslow, 1991), as scored on the Object Relations Inventory (ORI; Blatt, Wein, Chevron, & Quinlan, 1979), and the Inventory of Personality Organization (IPO; Lenzenweger, Clarkin, Kernberg, & Foelsch, 2001), a self-report instrument, and their relationship with different measures of clinical and interpersonal functioning in 70 patients with a PD. First, results showed that higher levels of differentiation and relatedness of descriptions of self and significant others, and of the self in particular, were negatively related to indices of personality functioning as assessed by the IPO. Lower levels of personality functioning, as measured with both the DR-S and the IPO, were positively related to severity of depression, symptomatic distress, self-harm, and interpersonal problems. Finally, results showed that the DR-S and the IPO independently predicted clinical features and interpersonal functioning. Hence, this study lends further support for the concurrent and predictive validity of the DR-S and the IPO in assessing levels of personality functioning. However, more research concerning the validity of these measures in assessing levels of personality functioning is needed. Suggestions for further research are formulated.
最近，DSM-5 人格与人格障碍工作组提出了一种用于人格障碍（PD）分类和诊断的多层次方法，第一层次涉及人格功能水平的损伤评定。尽管已经验证了许多评估人格功能水平的措施，但鉴于其在 DSM-5 提案和当代人格病理学理论中的突出地位，工作组呼吁在该领域进行更多研究（例如，Bender、Morey 和 Skodol，2011）。作为对此呼吁的回应，本研究调查了两个主要的、经过充分验证的人格功能水平维度测量之间的关系，即区分-相关量表（DR-S；Diamond、Blatt、Stayner 和 Kaslow，1991），如在客体关系量表（ORI；Blatt、Wein、 Chevron 和 Quinlan，1979）上评分，以及人格组织量表（IPO；Lenzenweger、Clarkin、Kernberg 和 Foelsch，2001），一个自我报告的工具，以及它们与 70 名 PD 患者不同临床和人际功能测量之间的关系。首先，结果表明，自我和重要他人描述的更高区分度和相关性，特别是自我的描述，与 IPO 评估的人格功能指数呈负相关。人格功能的较低水平，如 DR-S 和 IPO 测量的，与抑郁严重程度、症状困扰、自我伤害和人际问题呈正相关。最后，结果表明，DR-S 和 IPO 独立预测临床特征和人际功能。因此，本研究进一步支持了 DR-S 和 IPO 在评估人格功能水平方面的同时和预测效度。然而，需要进一步研究这些措施在评估人格功能水平方面的有效性。提出了进一步研究的建议。
