Dutrillaux B, Dutrillaux A-M
UMR 7502 CNRS/MNHN, OSEB, Département Systématique et Evolution, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.
Cytogenet Genome Res. 2013;141(1):37-42. doi: 10.1159/000351210. Epub 2013 May 30.
The karyotypes of 5 species of Dynastes, D. hercules, D. tityus, D. granti, D. satanas, and D. neptunus, and 2 subspecies of D. hercules are compared with those of 6 other selected Dynastinae species. In the 3 former species, there are 18 chromosomes, including neo-sex chromosomes formed by the fusion of an acrocentric autosome with the X and Y chromosomes. In all other species, including D. neptunus and D. satanas, free X and Y chromosomes are observed in 20,Xyp karyotypes. The acrocentric autosome presumably involved in the fusion is present in D. neptunus and D. satanas (pair No. 8). It replaces a submetacentric observed in the other Dynastinae species. Thus, the karyotypes of D. neptunus and D. satanas derive from that of ancestral Dynastinae by an inversion in chromosome 8, and those of D. hercules, D. granti and D. tityus derive from that of D. neptunus by the translocation of this inverted chromosome to sex chromosomes. Because the Dynastes species with the most derived karyotype occur in North and Central America and Lesser Antilles, while D. neptunus and D. satanas are limited to the northern part of the South American Andes, we suggest a South American origin of the genus Dynastes.
对赫拉克勒斯犀金龟（D. hercules）、蒂提乌斯犀金龟（D. tityus）、格兰蒂犀金龟（D. granti）、撒旦犀金龟（D. satanas）和海王星犀金龟（D. neptunus）这5个犀金龟属物种以及赫拉克勒斯犀金龟的2个亚种的核型，与另外6个选定的金龟子亚科物种的核型进行了比较。在前面3个物种中，有18条染色体，包括由一条近端着丝粒常染色体与X和Y染色体融合形成的新性染色体。在所有其他物种中，包括海王星犀金龟和撒旦犀金龟，在20,Xyp核型中观察到游离的X和Y染色体。可能参与融合的近端着丝粒常染色体存在于海王星犀金龟和撒旦犀金龟中（第8对）。它取代了在其他金龟子亚科物种中观察到的一条亚中着丝粒染色体。因此，海王星犀金龟和撒旦犀金龟的核型是通过8号染色体倒位从祖先金龟子亚科的核型衍生而来的，而赫拉克勒斯犀金龟、格兰蒂犀金龟和蒂提乌斯犀金龟的核型是通过将这条倒位染色体易位到性染色体上从海王星犀金龟的核型衍生而来的。由于具有最衍生核型的犀金龟属物种分布在北美洲、中美洲和小安的列斯群岛，而海王星犀金龟和撒旦犀金龟仅限于南美洲安第斯山脉的北部，我们推测犀金龟属起源于南美洲。
