Energy Research Institute, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
Waste Manag. 2013 Aug;33(8):1714-28. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2013.05.003. Epub 2013 Jun 2.
Approximately 1.5 billion tyres are produced each year which will eventually enter the waste stream representing a major potential waste and environmental problem. However, there is growing interest in pyrolysis as a technology to treat tyres to produce valuable oil, char and gas products. The most common reactors used are fixed-bed (batch), screw kiln, rotary kiln, vacuum and fluidised-bed. The key influence on the product yield, and gas and oil composition, is the type of reactor used which in turn determines the temperature and heating rate. Tyre pyrolysis oil is chemically very complex containing aliphatic, aromatic, hetero-atom and polar fractions. The fuel characteristics of the tyre oil shows that it is similar to a gas oil or light fuel oil and has been successfully combusted in test furnaces and engines. The main gases produced from the pyrolysis of waste tyres are H(2), C(1)-C(4) hydrocarbons, CO(2), CO and H(2)S. Upgrading tyre pyrolysis products to high value products has concentrated on char upgrading to higher quality carbon black and to activated carbon. The use of catalysts to upgrade the oil to a aromatic-rich chemical feedstock or the production of hydrogen from waste tyres has also been reported. Examples of commercial and semi-commercial scale tyre pyrolysis systems show that small scale batch reactors and continuous rotary kiln reactors have been developed to commercial scale.
每年大约生产 15 亿条轮胎，这些轮胎最终将进入废物流，这将是一个主要的潜在废物和环境问题。然而，热解作为一种处理轮胎以生产有价值的油、炭和气体产品的技术，越来越受到关注。最常用的反应器是固定床（间歇式）、螺旋窑、回转窑、真空和流化床。对产品收率和气体及油组成的关键影响是所使用的反应器类型，这反过来又决定了温度和加热速率。轮胎热解油在化学上非常复杂，含有脂肪族、芳香族、杂原子和极性馏分。轮胎油的燃料特性表明，它类似于瓦斯油或轻质燃料油，并已在试验炉和发动机中成功燃烧。从废轮胎热解中产生的主要气体是 H(2)、C(1)-C(4)烃类、CO(2)、CO 和 H(2)S。将轮胎热解产物升级为高价值产品的重点是将炭升级为更高质量的炭黑和活性炭。还报道了使用催化剂将油升级为富含芳烃的化工原料或从废轮胎中生产氢气。商业和半商业规模轮胎热解系统的例子表明，已经开发出小规模间歇式反应器和连续回转窑反应器以实现商业规模。
